Comet C/2025 R2 (SWAN) & The Eagle Nebula: View from Chile
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Capture Location: Atacama region of Chile
Image Date: Oct. 17, 2025
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Comet C/2025 R2 (SWAN) & The Eagle Nebula: View from Chile
Spiral Galaxy NGC 3370 in Leo | Hubble Space Telescope
What is it about this galaxy that makes it a popular target for researchers? NGC 3370 is home to two kinds of objects that astronomers prize for their usefulness in determining distances to faraway galaxies: Cepheid variable stars and Type Ia supernovae.
Cepheid variable stars change in both size and temperature as they pulsate. As a result, the luminosity of these stars varies over a period of days to months. It does so in a way that reveals something important: the more luminous a Cepheid variable star is, the more slowly it pulsates. By measuring how long a Cepheid variable’s brightness takes to complete one cycle, astronomers can determine how bright the star actually is. Paired with how bright the star appears from Earth, this information gives the distance to the star and its home galaxy.
Type Ia supernovae provide a way to measure distances in a single explosive burst rather than through regular brightness variations. Type Ia supernovae happen when the dead core of a star ignites in a sudden flare of nuclear fusion. These explosions peak at very similar luminosities, and much like for a Cepheid variable star, knowing the intrinsic brightness of a supernova explosion allows for its distance to be measured. Observations of Cepheid variable stars and Type Ia supernovae are both critical for precisely measuring how fast our Universe is expanding.
A previous Hubble image of NGC 3370 was released in 2003. The image released today zooms in on the galaxy, presenting a richly detailed view that incorporates wavelengths of light that were not included in the previous version. NGC 3370 is a member of the NGC 3370 group of galaxies along with other Hubble targets NGC 3447 and NGC 3455.
Image Description: A spiral galaxy occupies most of the image. It is a slightly tilted disc of stars, yellow-white in the centre and blue in the outskirts, showing light from different stars in the galaxy. Its spiral arms curl outwards from the centre, speckled with blue star clusters. Dark reddish threads of dust swirl around the galaxy’s centre. The backdrop is two medium-sized and many small, distant galaxies on a black background.
China's Orienspace: Commercial Rocket Launch by Ship—Behind The Scenes
Orienspace, a private Chinese rocket manufacturer, successfully launched the 30-meter-tall Gravity 1 Y2 commercial carrier rocket with four solid-rocket boosters (SRBs) on Saturday, Oct. 11, 2025, at 10:20 a.m. Beijing Time (BJT) from its launch ship off the coast of Haiyang in east China's Shandong Province. This marked the second flight of the world's largest and most powerful commercial solid-propellant rocket that produces 600 tonnes of thrust at liftoff. The Gravity 1 Y2 rocket delivered three satellites into their planned Earth orbits. The payloads were an optical remote-sensing satellite and two experimental satellites.
This was the 20th offshore launch at the Oriental Aerospace Port. Prior to this, Yantai had already hosted 19 offshore rocket launch missions, sending a total of 130 satellites into space.
This mission was the second flight of the Gravity 1 after its debut launch from the same site in January 2024.
Xu Guoguang, chief designer and project manager of Gravity 1, said the second flight aimed to further verify the rocket's reliability and capability, its pre-launch preparations and the launch sequence, as well as to demonstrate its ability to handle multiple flight trajectories. The Gravity 1 rocket model features three core stages and four boosters, all powered by solid-propellant engine and equipped with flexible swinging nozzles.
With a liftoff weight of 405 metric tons and a thrust of 600 tons, the rocket can carry a spacecraft weighing up to 6.5 tons to a low-Earth orbit, or 4.2 tons to a typical sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 500 kilometers, according to Orienspace—founded in 2020 by a group of veteran researchers from State-owned space enterprises.
Gravity 1 is the most powerful commercial rocket currently in China.
Its liftoff weight and thrust surpass those of the European Space Agency's Vega-C, previously the world's most powerful solid-propellant rocket.
In addition, Gravity 1 is the first and currently the only private rocket in China that has side boosters and the largest fairing, or nose cone—the top structure on a rocket that contains satellites or other payloads.
The use of solid fuel is "convenient and safe." It allows for the process of rocket assembly, testing and launch to be completed within a 5 kilometer radius, significantly reducing production time and cost.
Offshore launches offer additional advantages in terms of safety and frequency with potential for weekly launch missions using a single vessel, according to OrienSpace.
The Gravity-1 rocket structure is designed for rapid mass production. Its core and boosters have the same diameter, simplifying the manufacturing process and significantly improving manufacturing efficiency, while cutting production costs.
OrienSpace said it aimed to achieve liquid rocket recyclability and reusability within 1-2 years, increasing its carrying capacity to 15-20 tonnes and further driving down costs.
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Nightflight over Japan | International Space Station
China CAS Space Commercial Rocket Liftoff: Pakistan's Remote Sensing Satellite
CAS Space is a Chinese commercial space launch provider based in Guangzhou, capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. CAS Space was founded in 2018 and is majority owned by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) was founded in 1958. It was the first of China's four spaceports. The launch center has been the focus of many of China's historic space ventures, including the country's first satellite Dong Fang Hong I in 1970 and their first crewed space mission, Shenzhou V, on October 15, 2003. JSLC is now a home for many new Chinese launch firms, like CAS Space.
China CAS Space Commercial Rocket Launches Pakistan's Remote Sensing Satellite
CAS Space is a Chinese commercial space launch provider based in Guangzhou, capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. CAS Space was founded in 2018 and is majority owned by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) was founded in 1958. It was the first of China's four spaceports. The launch center has been the focus of many of China's historic space ventures, including the country's first satellite Dong Fang Hong I in 1970 and their first crewed space mission, Shenzhou V, on October 15, 2003. JSLC is now a home for many new Chinese launch firms, like CAS Space.
Shenzhou-20 Crew Advances Multi-domain Research | China Space Station
China's Shenzhou-20 crew members, in orbit for over 170 days, have been working in close coordination to advance a variety of research tasks aboard the country's Tiangong Space Station.
Since entering the space station in late April 2025, astronauts Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie have been conducting research activities as part of their six-month mission.
The crew is preparing for their return to Earth, scheduled for late October.
In the field of space medicine, the crew have utilized laptops and specialized equipment to complete behavioral tests for several experiments, including studies on visual fields, functional training, and metacognitive monitoring. They have also conducted electroencephalogram (EEG) experiments to gather crucial data on the effects of long-term spaceflight on astronauts' perception and cognitive abilities. Additionally, they have researched perception of gravity from visual motion using a visual function measurement device, eye tracker, and testing software.
The crew have collected and preserved saliva samples to study how changes in gut microbiota during long-term spaceflight affect human's metabolism and gastrointestinal function. They have also used a space Raman spectrometer to analyze metabolites in urine samples. The collected information will help in improving the metabolic indicator system and evaluation criteria.
In materials science, the astronauts have cleaned samples in the containerless cabinet experiment chamber, changed out samples, maintained the electrodes of the axial mechanism, and replaced window cover lenses. They have also installed samples for the fifth batch of microbial control technology cultivation chips.
For health monitoring, the crew have performed ultrasounds on their abdomens, muscles, and cardiovascular systems, providing valuable data that enables ground teams to closely monitor their health.
The crew also conducted equipment inspections and station management activities as part of their routine work.
Russian Cosmonauts on Spacewalk VKD-64 | International Space Station
Green Earth Aurora | International Space Station
NASA astronaut Don Pettit: "Green auroras stretching as far as the eye can see, almost mistakable for another planet rather than the blue Earth we call home."
Auroras happen when charged particles from the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field, creating dazzling light shows in the sky. Auroras occurs in an upper layer of Earth’s atmosphere called the ionosphere.
This image from low-Earth orbit was captured by experienced NASA astronaut and former Expedition 71/72 flight engineer, Don Pettit. NASA astronaut Don Pettit returned to Earth on April 19, 2025, concluding a seven-month science mission aboard the International Space Station. Pettit spent 220 days in space, earning him a total of 590 days in space over the course of his four spaceflights. He orbited the Earth 3,520 times, traveling 93.3 million miles in low-Earth orbit.
SpaceX Starship Suborbital Ascent, Booster Separation & Reentry | 11th Flight Test
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New Spectrum of Massive Erupting Star Eta Carinae | SOAR Telescope
A star's spectrum provides crucial information about its mass, temperature, luminosity, radius, and chemical composition. It is primarily composed of thermal radiation, producing a continuous spectrum that emits light across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from gamma rays to radio waves. The spectrum can also reveal details, such as rotational velocity, surface expansion or contraction, and the presence of stellar winds. The absorption spectrum of stars consists of various wavelengths, each with distinct intensities. They can help us to understand their physical properties.
This image shows the giant star-forming region in the southern sky known as the Carina Nebula (NGC 3372), and the full spectrum of the binary star system at its center—Eta Carinae.
This spectrum was captured with the newly installed SOAR Telescope Echelle Spectrograph (STELES) on the SOAR Telescope. It measures light from around 312 nanometers to around 905 nanometers. Light that is ‘bluer’ than 380 nanometers is ultraviolet and is invisible to our eyes. Light that is ‘redder’ than around 750 nanometers is infrared and is also invisible to our eyes. The bright bands indicate the detection of specific wavelengths of light emitted by hydrogen.
Eta Carinae is a fascinating and faint pair of stars located in the constellation Carina, and is a prime example of the type of object that STELES will investigate. SOAR is located on Cerro Pachón in Chile and is operated by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), a Program of NSF NOIRLab.
AG Carinae (AG Car) is a star in the constellation of Carina. It is classified as a luminous blue variable (LBV). The great distance (20,000 light-years) and intervening dust mean that the star is not usually visible to the naked eye; its apparent brightness varies erratically between magnitude 5.7 and 9.0.
Bright Star Eta Carinae and The Carina Nebula | Curtis Schmidt Telescope
Flight to Great Eruption of Massive Star AG Carinae | STScI
This visualization starts with the Hubble Space Telescope view of the massive star, AG Carinae. One of the brightest stars in our galaxy, AG Carinae undergoes eruptions that have ejected a small nebula of gas and dust. The sequence flies into a 3D model that shows the structure of the surrounding nebula. The 3D model is based upon Hubble images and spectroscopic data of the nebula's motion. The emission from ionized gas glows red, while the dust reflects the light of the star and appears bluish-white.
AG Carinae (AG Car) is a star in the constellation of Carina. It is classified as a luminous blue variable (LBV). The great distance (20,000 light-years) and intervening dust mean that the star is not usually visible to the naked eye; its apparent brightness varies erratically between magnitude 5.7 and 9.0.
China's LandSpace Transports ZhuQue-3 Y1 Commercial Rocket to Launchpad
China's independently developed Zhuque-3 reusable commercial rocket has completed ground tests on its systems and will take its maiden flight in the fourth quarter of the year, aiming to become the country's first vertically reusable liquid-fueled rocket, according to the rocket's developer LandSpace.
With a diameter of 4.5 meters and a total length of around 66 meters, the Zhuque-3 rocket can carry up to 18 satellites per launch.
Equipped with landing legs and grid fins for controlled descent, the rocket is designed to vertically recover its most expensive component–the first stage. This accounts for 70 percent of the total rocket cost.
As its first stage is designed to be reused at least 20 times, the rocket has the potential to reduce launch costs by 80 to 90 percent compared with single-use rockets.
Powered by a parallel cluster of nine liquid oxygen-methane engines, the first-stage can achieve meter-level landing precision, since five of the engines are capable of gimballing.
In addition, these engines produce a combined thrust of more than 7,500 kilonewtons, setting a new record for Chinese commercial liquid-fueled rockets.
On, June 20, 2025, LandSpace conducted a crucial ground ignition test of the first-stage propulsion system at the Dongfeng commercial space innovation zone near the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China.
The 45-second test utilized a first-stage structure that is consistent with the technical status of the Zhuque-3's maiden flight mission and validated the compatibility among all major subsystems, according to LandSpace.
Beijing-based LandSpace is a leading Chinese private space company. With its Zhuque-2 rocket, LandSpace became the world's first company to launch a methane-liquid oxygen rocket to Earth orbit in July 2023, ahead of U.S. rivals, including Elon Musk's SpaceX and Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin.
The successful Zhuque-3 development marks a significant stride in the pursuit of low-cost, high-frequency, and large-capacity space launches for China's private space industry.
The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) was founded in 1958. It was the first of China's four spaceports. The launch center has been the focus of many of China's historic space ventures, including the country's first satellite Dong Fang Hong I in 1970 and their first crewed space mission, Shenzhou V, on October 15, 2003. JSLC is now a home for many new Chinese commercial space launch firms, like Landspace.
#NASA #Space #Satellites #Earth #LEO #China #中国 #LandSpace #蓝箭 #Zhuque3Rocket #Zhuque3 #ReusableRockets #LaunchVehicles #MethaneLiquidOxygen #Methalox #Jiaxing #嘉兴市 #Zhejiang #浙江 #JiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter #JSLC #酒泉卫星发射中心 #InnerMongolia #CommercialSpace #CommercialSpaceflight #STEM #Education #HD #Video
The Shapley Supercluster in Centaurus | Hubble Space Telescope
The Shapley Supercluster or Shapley Concentration (SCl 124) is one of the largest concentration of galaxies in the Universe. It forms a gravitationally interacting unit, pulling itself together instead of expanding with the rest of the Universe. It appears as a striking overdensity in the distribution of galaxies in the constellation of Centaurus. It is 650 million light-years from Earth.
Journey to The Lagoon Nebula in Sagittarius | European Southern Observatory