Tuesday, September 23, 2025

European Service Module Handover for NASA Artemis III Moon Landing Mission

European Service Module Handover for NASA Artemis III Moon Landing Mission

On September 10, 2025, the European Space Agency officially handed over its third European Service Module (ESM) to NASA. The module will power the Orion spacecraft on Artemis III—the mission set to return NASA astronauts to the lunar surface for the first time in over 50 years. This event marks a significant milestone, underlining the acceptance of the module by NASA as well as highlighting the dedication of the many teams across Europe and the United States that are bringing the spacecraft to life.

The third European Service Module was integrated by Airbus in Bremen, Germany, with contributions from industry all over Europe. Sailing across the Atlantic, the module arrived at NASA's Kennedy Space Center last summer, where it was joined with Orion's crew module adapter to form the complete service module. Dr. Jan-Hendrik Meiss from Airbus explains the module's progress so far at Kennedy Space Center.

Over the course of about 30 days, the Artemis III astronauts will travel to lunar orbit, where two crew members will descend to the surface and spend approximately a week near the South Pole of the Moon conducting new science before returning to lunar orbit to join their crew for the journey back to Earth. Launch is currently scheduled for mid-2027.

Follow updates on the Artemis blog: 
https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/


Credit: European Space Agency (ESA)
Duration: 1 minute
Release Date: Sept. 23, 2025

#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Earth #Moon #MoonToMars #Mars #ArtemisProgram #ArtemisIII #OrionSpacecraft #EuropeanServiceModule #ESM #Airbus #Astronauts #HumanSpaceflight #SolarSystem #Science #SpaceExploration #KSC #Florida #UnitedStates #Europe #ESA #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Planet Mars Images: Sept. 20-22, 2025 | NASA's Curiosity & Perseverance Rovers

Planet Mars Images: Sept. 20-22, 2025 | NASA's Curiosity & Perseverance Rovers

Mars 2020 - sol 1631
Mars 2020 - sol 1629
Mars 2020 - sol 1629
Mars 2020 - sol 1630
MSL - sol 4667
Mars 2020 - sol 1632 
MSL - sol 4667
MSL - sol 4667

Celebrating 13+ Years on Mars (2012-2024)
Mission Name: Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
Rover Name: Curiosity
Main Job: To determine if Mars was ever habitable to microbial life. 
Launch: Nov. 6, 2011
Landing Date: Aug. 5, 2012, Gale Crater, Mars

Celebrating 4+ Years on Mars
Mission Name: Mars 2020
Rover Name: Perseverance
Main Job: Seek signs of ancient life and collect samples of rock and regolith (broken rock and soil) for return to Earth.
Launch: July 30, 2020    
Landing: Feb. 18, 2021, Jezero Crater, Mars

For more information on NASA's Mars missions, visit: mars.nasa.gov

Image Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS
Processing: Kevin M. Gill
Image Release Dates: Sept. 20-22, 2025

#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Planets #Mars #Astrobiology #Geology #CuriosityRover #MSL #MountSharp #GaleCrater #PerseveranceRover #Mars2020 #JezeroCrater #Robotics #SpaceTechnology #SpaceEngineering #MSSS #JPL #Caltech #UnitedStates #CitizenScience #KevinGill #STEM #Education

SpaceX Starship Static Engine Fire Pre-11th Flight Test | Starbase Texas

SpaceX Starship Static Engine Fire Pre-11th Flight Test | Starbase Texas



SpaceX Update: "Starship completes a full-duration static fire ahead of the eleventh flight test."

SpaceX Starship 10th Flight Test Results Summary

"Starship’s tenth flight test lifted off on August 26, 2025, at 6:30 p.m. CT from Starbase, Texas, taking a significant step forward in developing the world’s first fully reusable launch vehicle. Every major objective was met, providing critical data to inform designs of the next generation Starship and Super Heavy.

The flight test began with Super Heavy successfully lifting off by igniting all 33 Raptor engines and ascending over the Gulf of America. Successful ascent was followed by a hot-staging maneuver, with Starship’s upper stage igniting its six Raptor engines to separate from Super Heavy and continue the flight to space.

Following stage separation, the Super Heavy booster completed its boostback burn to put it on a course to a pre-planned splashdown zone. The booster descended and successfully initiated its landing burn, intentionally disabling one of its three center engines during the final phases of the burn and using a backup engine from the middle ring. Super Heavy entered into a final hover above the water before shutting down its engines and splashing down into the water.

Starship completed a full-duration ascent burn and achieved its planned velocity, successfully putting it on a suborbital trajectory. The first in-space objective was then completed, with eight Starlink simulators deployed in the first successful payload demonstration from Starship. The vehicle then completed the second ever in-space relight of a Raptor engine, demonstrating a key capability for future deorbit burns.

Moving into the critical reentry phase, Starship was able to gather data on the performance of its heatshield and structure as it was intentionally stressed to push the envelope on vehicle capabilities. Using its four flaps for control, the spacecraft arrived at its splashdown point in the Indian Ocean, successfully executed a landing flip, and completed the flight test with a landing burn and soft splashdown.

Over the course of a flight test campaign, success will continue to be measured by what we are able to learn, and Starship’s tenth flight test provided valuable data by stressing the limits of vehicle capabilities and providing maximum excitement along the way."

SpaceX’s Starship spacecraft and Super Heavy rocket—collectively referred to as Starship—represent a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. Starship is currently the "world’s most powerful launch vehicle ever developed", capable of carrying up to 150 metric tonnes fully reusable and 250 metric tonnes expendable.

Key Starship Parameters:
Height: 123m/403ft
Diameter: 9m/29.5ft
Payload to LEO: 100–150t (fully reusable)

"Starship is essential to both SpaceX’s plans to deploy its next-generation Starship system as well as for NASA, which will use a lunar lander version of Starship for landing astronauts on the Moon during the Artemis III mission through the Human Landing System (HLS) program."

Learn more about Starship:

Download the Free Starship User Guide (PDF):


Credit: Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX)
Release Date: Sept. 22, 2025

#NASA #SpaceX #Space #Earth #Mars #Moon #MoonToMars #ArtemisProgram #ArtemisIII #Starship #StarshipSpacecraft #Starship11 #StarshipTestFlight11 #SuperHeavyBooster #SuperHeavyRocket #ElonMusk #Engineering #SpaceTechnology #HumanSpaceflight #CommercialSpace #SpaceExploration #StarbaseTexas #Texas #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

SpaceX Starship Static Engine Fire Pre-11th Flight Test | Starbase Texas

 SpaceX Starship Static Engine Fire Pre-11th Flight Test | Starbase Texas

SpaceX Update: "Starship completes a full-duration static fire ahead of the eleventh flight test."

SpaceX Starship 10th Flight Test Results Summary

"Starship’s tenth flight test lifted off on August 26, 2025, at 6:30 p.m. CT from Starbase, Texas, taking a significant step forward in developing the world’s first fully reusable launch vehicle. Every major objective was met, providing critical data to inform designs of the next generation Starship and Super Heavy.

The flight test began with Super Heavy successfully lifting off by igniting all 33 Raptor engines and ascending over the Gulf of America. Successful ascent was followed by a hot-staging maneuver, with Starship’s upper stage igniting its six Raptor engines to separate from Super Heavy and continue the flight to space.

Following stage separation, the Super Heavy booster completed its boostback burn to put it on a course to a pre-planned splashdown zone. The booster descended and successfully initiated its landing burn, intentionally disabling one of its three center engines during the final phases of the burn and using a backup engine from the middle ring. Super Heavy entered into a final hover above the water before shutting down its engines and splashing down into the water.

Starship completed a full-duration ascent burn and achieved its planned velocity, successfully putting it on a suborbital trajectory. The first in-space objective was then completed, with eight Starlink simulators deployed in the first successful payload demonstration from Starship. The vehicle then completed the second ever in-space relight of a Raptor engine, demonstrating a key capability for future deorbit burns.

Moving into the critical reentry phase, Starship was able to gather data on the performance of its heatshield and structure as it was intentionally stressed to push the envelope on vehicle capabilities. Using its four flaps for control, the spacecraft arrived at its splashdown point in the Indian Ocean, successfully executed a landing flip, and completed the flight test with a landing burn and soft splashdown.

Over the course of a flight test campaign, success will continue to be measured by what we are able to learn, and Starship’s tenth flight test provided valuable data by stressing the limits of vehicle capabilities and providing maximum excitement along the way."

SpaceX’s Starship spacecraft and Super Heavy rocket—collectively referred to as Starship—represent a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. Starship is currently the "world’s most powerful launch vehicle ever developed", capable of carrying up to 150 metric tonnes fully reusable and 250 metric tonnes expendable.

Key Starship Parameters:
Height: 123m/403ft
Diameter: 9m/29.5ft
Payload to LEO: 100–150t (fully reusable)

"Starship is essential to both SpaceX’s plans to deploy its next-generation Starship system as well as for NASA, which will use a lunar lander version of Starship for landing astronauts on the Moon during the Artemis III mission through the Human Landing System (HLS) program."

Learn more about Starship:

Download the Free Starship User Guide (PDF):


Credit: Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX)
Duration: 26 seconds
Release Date: Sept. 22, 2025

#NASA #SpaceX #Space #Earth #Mars #Moon #MoonToMars #ArtemisProgram #ArtemisIII #Starship #StarshipSpacecraft #Starship11 #StarshipTestFlight11 #SuperHeavyBooster #SuperHeavyRocket #ElonMusk #Engineering #SpaceTechnology #HumanSpaceflight #CommercialSpace #SpaceExploration #StarbaseTexas #Texas #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Monday, September 22, 2025

Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) with Earth Satellite Trails: View from Austria

Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) with Earth Satellite Trails: View from Austria

Astrophotographer Georg Klingersberger: "Comet A6 Lemmon is a very active wonderful comet, which, as you can see in the image, is overlaid by many satellite lines within 20 minutes. The image is a stack of 12 images, each exposed for 2 minutes, through a Takahashi FSQ 106 telescope, at aperture F/3.6, an a field of view, FOV. 3°x2°. A Canon EOS RP(crop) served as camera, at ISO 1600, in the period from 02:28h-02:56h UT . . . shortly before a marvellous Moonrise."

Comet Lemmon is not just another icy rock—it is a time-traveler returning to the inner solar system after roughly 1,350 years.

It was discovered on January 3, 2025, by a sky-survey team and was initially mistaken for an asteroid at a dim magnitude of +21.5; later imagery showed a tiny coma and faint tail, prompting its reclassification as a comet, with pre-discovery images traced back to November 2024. This initial misclassification highlights how subtle these objects can be when far away—and how surprise discoveries can change our understanding of a celestial object’s journey. Stretching as far as 240 astronomical units (AU) out and now spiraling inward, Lemmon’s orbital period—now estimated between 1,150 and 1,350 years—is gradually shortening due to gravitational shifts. It is a reminder that the cosmos is dynamic—and this rare return makes Comet Lemmon a once-in-a-lifetime spectacle for nearly all of us.

Orbital calculations show the comet will pass closest to Earth around October 21, 2025, at roughly 0.60 AU (about 89 million km). It will reach perihelion (its nearest point to the Sun) on November 8, 2025, at about 0.53 AU.

This alignment—in which Lemmon is both near Earth and still illuminated by the Sun—creates a prime observational window. Its brightness and proximity are at a sweet spot during late October, offering a golden hunting ground for skywatchers.


Image Credit: Georg Klingersberger
Text Credits: Georg Klingersberger, Nasaspacenews[dot]com
Capture Location: Kobernaußen, Upper Austria
Image Date: Sept. 20, 2025

#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Comets #CometC2025A6Lemmon #Coma #CometaryTails #SolarSystem #MilkyWayGalaxy #Cosmos #Universe #Astrophotography #GeorgKlingersberger #Austria #Astrophotographers  #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

NASA's ESCAPADE Mars Mission: The Journey of Twin Spacecraft | Rocket Lab

NASA's ESCAPADE Mars Mission: The Journey of Twin Spacecraft | Rocket Lab

The journey is just beginning! Rocket Lab's twin spacecraft for NASA and UC Berkeley's ESCAPADE mission have arrived at Kennedy Space Flight Center in preparation for their launch to Mars.

Learn more about the two identical spacecraft designed, built, integrated, and tested by Rocket Lab for the University of California Berkeley’s Space Science Laboratory and NASA's ESCAPADE (Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers) Mars Mission.

The ESCAPADE Mars Mission will study the planet's unique hybrid magnetosphere. ESCAPADE will investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. ESCAPADE is set to launch no earlier than late 2024 on Blue Origin's inaugural New Glenn rocket flight. It will take ESCAPADE about 11 months to arrive at Mars after leaving Earth’s orbit.


Video Credit: Rocket Lab
Duration: 30 seconds
Release Date: Sept. 22, 2025


#NASA #RocketLab #Space #Astronomy #Science #Stars #Sun #SpaceWeather #Planets #Mars #Magnetosphere #MartianAtmosphere #Radiation #Astronauts #ESCAPADEMission #ESCAPADESpacecraft #SolarSystem #SpaceExploration #GSFC #SSL #UCBerkeley #ERAU #AdvancedSpace #BlueOrigin #KSC #Florida #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Europe’s Future Space Transport Ecosystem | European Space Agency

Europe’s Future Space Transport Ecosystem | European Space Agency

"The European Space Agency’s future launcher preparatory program is crafting a space transportation ecosystem, guiding the companies and engineers of today to develop and test the technologies required to meet future needs. Space transportation will be moving towards frequent reusable launchers supporting a complete industrial ecosystem around Earth. In the coming decades, the European Space Agency (ESA) foresees transportation hubs in orbit around our planet providing logistic services much like airports or train stations on Earth. These hubs will offer refilling and maintenance services for spacecraft and provide platforms for manufacturing and assembly and in space transportation to other destinations."

"To create this new transportation ecosystem, new technology developments are needed, such as automatic rendezvous and capturing of spacecraft, transfer of fuel and payloads between spacecraft, tugging spacecraft to other orbits around Earth or destinations in space."

"The end goal for companies working on a proof of concept is to fly a demonstrator mission in space. Together with ESA, industry will get to this point through a process that starts with discussing needs and proposing solutions, and is followed by proving their use-case and collaborating on standards and regulations.  Developing and demonstrating these new technologies is also expected to open commercial opportunities for European space transportation companies."

"Finally, the Odyssey project proposes to put all these key technologies together into one package by providing a dedicated service for transport vehicles and spacecraft in orbit: an uncrewed propellant depot offering refilling services. Called Odyssey (a loose abbreviation for Orbital Depot for Your Sustained Space Exploration & beYond) this depot would store propellant brought from visiting supply rockets and distribute it as needed to spacecraft on a stopover to destinations farther away such as the Moon or Mars, or to Earth-orbiting navigation satellites that have used all their propellant and need a refill to extend their working life."

"The Odyssey concept, if it can be demonstrated to be viable, would also be a contribution to a more sustainable use of space, by providing important elements of a future circular space economy."


Credit: European Space Agency (ESA)
Duration: 3 minutes
Release Date: Sept. 22, 2025

#NASA #ESA #Europe #Space #Science #OdysseyProject #SpaceTransportation #SpaceTransportationSystems #SolarSystem #Planets #Earth #Moon #CislunarSpace #Mars #SpaceStations #ReusableRockets #LaunchVehicles #Spacecraft #SpaceTechnology #Engineering #CommercialSpace #SpaceExploration #STEM #Education #Animation #HD #Video 

Equinox at Planet Saturn (2020-2025)

Equinox at Planet Saturn (2020-2025)

On Saturn, the rings tell you the season. On Earth, today marks an equinox, the time when the Earth's equator tilts directly toward the Sun. Since Saturn's grand rings orbit along the planet's equator, these rings appear most prominent—from the direction of the Sun—when the spin axis of Saturn points toward the Sun. Conversely, when Saturn's spin axis points to the side, an equinox occurs, and the edge-on rings are hard to see from not only the Sun—but Earth. 

The equinox marks the exact moment when the center of the Sun crosses the plane of a planet’s equator. 

In this montage, images of Saturn between the years of 2020 and 2025 have been superposed to show the giant planet passing, with this year's equinox, from summer in the north to summer in the south. Yesterday, Saturn was coincidently about as close as it gets to planet Earth, and so this month the ringed giant's orb is relatively bright and visible throughout the night.

A montage is a photo editing technique involving a series of short shots sequenced to condense space, time, and information.


Image Credit & Copyright: Imran Sultan
Imran's website: https://www.instagram.com/imran.astro/
Release Date: Sept. 22, 2025

#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #SolarSystem #Stars #Sun #Planets #PlanetaryScience #Saturn #PlanetaryAxes #Equinox #SolarOrbits #SaturnianOrbit #SaturnianRings #Astrophotography #ImranSultan #Astrophotographers #CitizenScience #Montage #GSFC #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #APoD

Preparing IMAP, SWFO-L1, & Carruthers Missions for Launch | NASA Kennedy

Preparing IMAP, SWFO-L1, & Carruthers Missions for Launch | NASA Kennedy

Technicians at the Astrotech Space Operations Facility near NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida encapsulate NASA’s Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP), along with the agency’s Carruthers Geocorona Observatory and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Space Weather Follow On–Lagrange 1 (SWFO-L1) spacecraft on Tuesday, Sept. 16, 2025, inside a SpaceX Falcon 9 payload fairing.


Workers transport NASA’s IMAP (Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe) spacecraft along with the agency’s Carruthers Geocorona Observatory and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Space Weather Follow On–Lagrange 1 (SWFO-L1) satellite late on Wednesday, Sept. 17, 2025, through early Thursday, Sept. 18, 2025, from the Astrotech Space Operations Facility in Titusville Florida, to the SpaceX hangar at Launch Complex 39A at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.


IMAP illustration

Illustrations of SWFO-L1, IMAP & Carruthers Geocorona Observatory spacecraft

Milestones met and rocket getting set! 🚀 

Crews have transported the IMAP, SWFO-L1, and Carruthers encapsulated assembly! It took several hours to convoy the delicate hardware to the SpaceX hangar, where the team will then mate it to the Falcon 9 rocket.

The missions will each focus on different effects of the solar wind—the continuous stream of particles emitted by the Sun—and space weather—the changing conditions in space driven by the Sun—from their origins at the Sun to their farthest reaches billions of miles away at the edge of our solar system.

NASA, SpaceX, and IMAP mission managers have conducted the Flight Readiness Review to certify its readiness to initiate final launch preparation activities.

Launch is targeted for 7:32 a.m. EDT, Tuesday, Sept. 23, 2025, from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center!

The Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) will soon be on its mission to explore and map the heliosphere—the invisible cosmic shield surrounding our solar system—and to answer some great unknowns about how particles accelerate in the solar wind.

Press Release "Princeton in space: IMAP prepares for launch": https://www.princeton.edu/news/2025/09/17/princeton-space-imap-prepares-launch


NASA’s Carruthers Geocorona Observatory is a small satellite that will observe Earth’s outermost atmospheric layer, the exosphere. It will image the faint glow of ultraviolet light from this region, called the geocorona, to better understand how space weather impacts our planet. The Carruthers mission continues the legacy of the Apollo era, expanding on measurements first taken during Apollo 16.

The SWFO-L1 spacecraft will monitor space weather and detect solar storms in advance, serving as an early warning beacon for potentially disruptive space weather, helping safeguard Earth’s critical infrastructure and technological-dependent industries. The SWFO-L1 spacecraft is the first NOAA observatory designed specifically for and fully dedicated to continuous, operational space weather observations.

Image Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Ed Whitman/Kim Shiflett (NASA)
Image Dates: Sept. 16-21, 2025


#NASA #NOAA #Space #Astronomy #Science #IMAPMission #IMAP #Stars #InterstellarMedium #ISM #Sun #Heliophysics #Heliosphere #Planets #Earth #SolarSystem #SolarPlasma #SolarWind #SpaceWeather #PrincetonU #SWFOL1 #CarruthersGeocoronaObservatory #GSFC #NASAKennedy #KSC #Florida #UnitedStates #Infographics #STEM #Education

Galaxy NGC 2775: Spiral, elliptical or neither? | Hubble Space Telescope

Galaxy NGC 2775: Spiral, elliptical or neither? | Hubble Space Telescope


This NASA/European Space Agency Hubble Space Telescope picture features a galaxy that is challenging to categorize. The galaxy in question is NGC 2775. It lies 67 million light-years away in the constellation Cancer (The Crab). NGC 2775 sports a smooth, featureless center that is devoid of gas, resembling an elliptical galaxy. It also has a dusty ring with patchy star clusters, like a spiral galaxy. 
Is it spiral or elliptical—or neither?

Since we can only view NGC 2775 from one angle, it is difficult to say for certain. Researchers have classified NGC 2775 as a spiral galaxy because of its feathery ring of stars and dust and as a lenticular galaxy. Lenticular galaxies have features common to spiral and elliptical galaxies.

It is not yet known exactly how lenticular galaxies come to be. They can form in a variety of ways. Lenticular galaxies might be spiral galaxies that have merged with other galaxies, or that have mostly run out of star-forming gas and lost their prominent spiral arms. They also might have started out more similar to elliptical galaxies, then collected gas into a disk around them.

Evidence suggests that NGC 2775 has merged with other galaxies in the past. Invisible in this Hubble image, NGC 2775 has a tail of hydrogen gas that stretches almost 100,000 light-years around the galaxy. This faint tail could be the remnant of one or more galaxies that wandered too close to NGC 2775 before being stretched apart and absorbed. If NGC 2775 merged with other galaxies in the past, it could explain the galaxy’s strange appearance today.

A Hubble image of NGC 2775 was previously released in 2020. The new version adds observations of a specific wavelength of red light that is emitted by clouds of hydrogen gas surrounding massive young stars.

Image Description: A galaxy seen face-on with a slightly elliptical disc that appears to have a hole in the center like a doughnut. In the hole, the core is a brightly glowing point that shines light out beyond the edge of the disc. Around the hole is an inner ring of dust, and at the galaxy’s edge is a thicker outer ring of dust, with a swirling web of dust strands in between. Blue stars and red nebulae are visible behind the dust.


Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, F. Belfiore, J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team
Release Date: Sept. 22, 2025


#NASA #ESA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Hubble #Stars #Galaxies #NGC2775 #SpiralGalaxies #EllipticalGalaxies #LenticularGalaxies #Cancer #Constellations #Cosmos #Universe #HubbleSpaceTelescope #HST #GSFC #STScI #UnitedStates #Europe #STEM #Education

Sunday, September 21, 2025

U.S., European, Japanese & UAE Astronaut Training in Norway and Italy | ESA

U.S., European, Japanese & UAE Astronaut Training in Norway and Italy | ESA

Marco Sieber (ESA), Jasmin Moghbeli (NASA), Mohammad AlMulla (MBRSC) and Makoto Suwa (JAXA) are the CAVES 2025 crew, here in their cave familiarization.
NASA astronaut Jasmin Moghbeli placing the communication cable along the walls of the Abel cave.
NASA astronaut Jessica Wittner and European Space Agency astronaut Thomas Pesquet of France are discussing the presence of a possible magmatic dike within anorthositic rocks.
Prof. Matteo Massironi explain to the PANGAEA astronaut crew how to identify geological units from distance.
Friends of NASA member and European Space Agency astronaut Thomas Pesquet of France observes the mineral assemblage of anorthositic rocks analogue to the Lunar Highlands.

A space-like environment in the depths of the Earth . . .

The Cooperative Adventure for Valuing and Exercising Human Behavior and Performance Skills (CAVES) expedition is a simulation of a space mission and an extreme training session. It is held four kilometers underground in a cave.

This one-week underground adventure was designed by the European Space Agency (ESA) to train astronauts to live and work together as a team. CAVES meets two objectives by giving astronauts an opportunity to:

tackle challenges associated with long space missions in a hostile environment

participate in actual scientific studies with research teams, as they would on the International Space Station (ISS)

CAVES expeditions prepare astronauts from around the world to:

-work efficiently and safely in a group

-resolve problems as a multicultural team

-carry out complex scientific and technical tasks

-explore unmapped areas

-use procedures related to space exploration

Follow the European Space Agency's CAVES blog: https://blogs.esa.int/caves/


Planetary ANalogue Geological and Astrobiological Exercise for Astronauts (PANGAEA) is a field training course designed by the European Space Agency (ESA) that, since 2016, has imparted to ESA and NASA astronauts, and Roscosmos (Russian) cosmonauts the basic theoretical and practical knowledge of geology and astrobiology and trained them in the field. Hence, developing independent field skills, including working with a remotely located science team, is a key part of the training.  The PANGAEA training course prepares participants for future planetary exploration missions to the Moon and Mars.


Image Credits: ESA/V. Crobu
Image Dates: July 25-Sept. 19, 2025


#NASA #ESA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Earth #PlanetaryScience #Moon #Analogs #Analogues #ArtemisProgram #Geology #Astrobiology #Astronauts #AstronautTraining #Japan #JAXA #PANGAEACourse #CAVESCourse #Nusfjord #Norway #Norge #Fjords #Italy #Italia #Caves #AbelCave #Europe #MBRSC #UAE #HumanSpaceflight #SolarSystem #SpaceExploration #STEM #Education

Russian Progress MS-32/93P Cargo Spacecraft Arrival | International Space Station

Russian Progress 93P Cargo Spacecraft Arrival | International Space Station


Expedition 73 flight engineer and NASA Astronaut Jonny Kim: "Progress 93P on its final approach to dock to the SM segment of the International Space Station."

The unpiloted Russian Progress 93 cargo spacecraft arrived at the aft port of the International Space Station’s Zvezda module at 1:23 p.m. EDT on Saturday, September 13, 2025. The Roscosmos spacecraft delivered about three tons of food, fuel, and supplies for the Expedition 73 crew aboard the space station. It will remain docked for approximately six months before departing for a re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere to dispose of trash loaded by the crew.  

The spacecraft launched at 11:54 a.m. EDT on Sept. 11 (8:54 p.m. Baikonur time) on a Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.  

Equipment details:  Nikon Z9 | 50-500mm | ISO 1000, f16, 1/640s | Sep 13, 2025.


Expedition 73 Crew
Station Commander: Sergey Ryzhikov (Roscosmos)
JAXA Flight Engineer (Japan): Kimiya Yui
Roscosmos (Russia) Flight Engineers: Alexey Zubritskiy, Oleg Platonov
NASA Flight Engineers: Jonny Kim, Zena Cardman, Mike Fincke

An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada.

Learn more about the important research being operated on Station:
https://www.nasa.gov/iss-science

For more information about STEM on Station:
https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation
Science, Technology, Engineering, Math (STEM)


Image Credit: NASA's Johnson Space Center/J. Kim
Capture Date: Sept. 13, 2025

#NASA #Space #ISS #Science #Planets #Earth #ProgressCargoSpacecraft #ПрогрессMS32 #Progress93 #Astronauts #AstronautPhotography #JonnyKim #UnitedStates #Japan #日本 #JAXA #Cosmonauts #Russia #Россия #Roscosmos #Роскосмос #HumanSpaceflight #SpaceLaboratory #InternationalCooperation #Expedition73 #STEM #Education

3D View of Binary Star System LL Pegasi Spiral Cloud | ESO ALMA

3D View of Binary Star System LL Pegasi Spiral Cloud | ESO ALMA

This video shows the observed structure surrounding the binary star system LL Pegasi, as seen by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). ALMA’s observations were able to reveal the exquisitely-ordered 3D geometry of the spiral pattern (seen to the left). The observations match almost perfectly with the predicted theoretical model (to the right). 


Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO) / H. Kim et al.
Duration: 32 seconds
Release Date: March 6, 2017

#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Stars #LLPegasi #BinaryStarsSystems #Nebulae #PlanetaryNebulae #IRAS231661655 #Pegasus #Constellations #MilkyWayGalaxy #Universe #ESO #ALMA #RadioAstronomy #Europe #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #Visualization #3D #HD #Video

LL Pegasi Binary Star System: A Celestial Spiral with a Twist | ALMA & Hubble

LL Pegasi Binary Star System: A Celestial Spiral with a Twist | ALMA & Hubble

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) captured this remarkable image of a binary star system, where two stars—LL Pegasi and its companion—are locked in a stellar waltz, orbiting around their common center of gravity. The old star LL Pegasi is continuously losing gaseous material as it evolves into a planetary nebula, and the distinct spiral shape is the imprint made by the stars orbiting in this gas.
A composition of the ALMA and Hubble data.

Although it looks like the pattern of a shell on the beach, this intriguing spiral is in fact astronomical in nature. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has captured a remarkable image of a binary star system, where two stars—LL Pegasi and its companion—are locked in a stellar waltz, orbiting around their common center of gravity. The old star LL Pegasi is continuously losing gaseous material as it evolves into a planetary nebula, and the distinct spiral shape is the imprint made by the stars orbiting in this gas.

The spiral spans light-years and winds around with extraordinary regularity. Based on the expansion rate of the spiralling gas, astronomers estimate that a new “layer” appears every 800 years—approximately the same time it takes for the two stars to complete one orbit around each other.

LL Pegasi was first highlighted about ten years ago when the NASA/European Space Agency Hubble Space Telescope obtained a picture of the almost-perfect spiral structure. This was the first time a spiral pattern had been found in material surrounding an old star. Now, ALMA’s observations, showing one “cross-section”, have added an extra dimension to reveal the exquisitely-ordered 3D geometry of the spiral pattern.


Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/H. Kim et al.
Release Date: March 6, 2017

#NASA #ESA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Hubble #Stars #LLPegasi #Nebulae #PlanetaryNebulae #IRAS231661655 #Pegasus #Constellations #MilkyWayGalaxy #Universe #HST #HubbleSpaceTelescope #GSFC #STScI #UnitedStates #ESO #ALMA #RadioAstronomy #Europe #STEM #Education

LL Pegasi Binary Star System Spiral Cloud in Pegasus | Hubble Space Telescope

LL Pegasi Binary Star System Spiral Cloud in Pegasus | Hubble Space Telescope


Although it looks like the pattern of a shell on the beach, this intriguing spiral is in fact astronomical in nature. This remarkable picture from the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the NASA/European Space Agency Hubble Space Telescope shows one of the most perfect geometrical forms created in space. It captures the formation of an unusual pre-planetary nebula, known as IRAS 23166+1655, around the star LL Pegasi (also known as AFGL 3068) in the constellation of Pegasus (the Winged Horse).

The striking picture shows what appears to be a thin spiral pattern of astonishingly regularity winding around the star that is itself hidden behind thick dust. The spiral pattern suggests a regular periodic origin for the nebula’s shape. The material forming the spiral is moving outwards a speed of about 50,000 km/hour and, by combining this speed with the distance between layers, astronomers calculate that the shells are each separated by about 800 years.

The spiral is thought to arise because LL Pegasi is a binary system with the star that is losing material and a companion star orbiting each other. The spacing between layers in the spiral is expected to directly reflect the orbital period of the binary, estimated to be also about 800 years.

The creation and shaping of planetary nebulae is an exciting area of stellar evolution. Stars with masses from about half that of the Sun up to about eight times that of the Sun do not explode as supernovae at the ends of their lives. Instead a more regal end awaits them as their outer layers of gas are shed and drift into space, creating striking and intricate structures that to Earth-bound observers often look like dramatic watercolor paintings. IRAS 23166+1655 is just starting this process and the central star has yet to emerge from the cocoon of enveloping dust.

Image Processor Judy Schmidt: "It's a spiral in space created by a pair of stars enshrouded by dust . . . We get a space spiral. It has no self-illumination in visible light, so it is being illuminated by the light from any nearby Mliky Way stars. The bright star does not necessarily have anything to do with the illumination even though it looks like it might. This is one of my favorite things ever."


Credit: European Space Agency (ESA)/NASA & R. Sahai
Image Processing: Judy Schmidt
Release Date: Jan. 4, 2018


#NASA #ESA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Hubble #Stars #LLPegasi #Nebulae #PlanetaryNebulae #IRAS231661655 #Pegasus #Constellations #MilkyWayGalaxy #Cosmos #Universe #HST #HubbleSpaceTelescope #GSFC #STScI #UnitedStates #Europe #STEM #Education

Saturday, September 20, 2025

Our Interstellar Medium | NASA Goddard

Our Interstellar Medium | NASA Goddard

Our Milky Way galaxy is home to more than 100 billion stars that are often separated by trillions of miles. The spaces in between, called the interstellar medium, are not empty—they are sprinkled with gas and dust that are both the seeds of new stars and the leftover crumbs from stars long dead. Studying the interstellar medium with observatories like NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will reveal new insight into the galactic dust recycling system.


Video Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Duration: 1 minute
Release Date: Sept. 18, 2025


#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Stars #InterstellarDust #InterstellarMedium #MilkyWayGalaxy #Galaxies #Astrophysics #Cosmos #Universe #NancyGraceRomanSpaceTelescope #SpaceTelescopes #GSFC #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #Animation #HD #Video