At the Edge of Speed: NASA Armstrong’s Hypersonic Journey
Duration: 5 minutes
Release Date: Aug. 25, 2025
Friends of NASA (FoN) is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery, and STEM education.
At the Edge of Speed: NASA Armstrong’s Hypersonic Journey
Mapping Stellar 'Polka Dots': The Search for Orbiting Planets | NASA Goddard
Scientists have devised a new method for mapping the spottiness of distant stars by using observations from NASA missions of orbiting planets crossing their stars’ faces. The model builds on a technique researchers have used for decades to study star spots.
By improving astronomers’ understanding of spotty stars, the new model—called StarryStarryProcess—can help discover more about planetary atmospheres and potential habitability using data from telescopes like NASA’s upcoming Pandora mission.
NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and now-retired Kepler Space Telescope were designed to identify planets using transits, dips in stellar brightness caused when a planet passes in front of its star.
These measurements reveal how the star’s light varies with time during each transit, and astronomers can arrange them in a plot astronomers call a light curve. Typically, a transit light curve traces a smooth sweep down as the planet starts passing in front of the star’s face. It reaches a minimum brightness when the world is fully in front of the star and then rises smoothly as the planet exits and the transit ends.
By measuring the time between transits, scientists can determine how far the planet lies from its star and estimate its surface temperature. The amount of missing light from the star during a transit can reveal the planet’s size. This can hint at its composition.
Every now and then, though, a planet’s light curve appears more complicated, with smaller dips and peaks added to the main arc. Scientists think these represent dark surface features akin to sunspots seen on our own Sun—star spots.
The Sun’s total number of sunspots varies as it goes through its 11-year solar cycle. Scientists use them to determine and predict the progress of that cycle as well as outbreaks of solar activity that could affect us here on Earth.
Similarly, star spots are cool, dark, temporary patches on a stellar surface. Their sizes and numbers change over time. This variability impacts what astronomers can learn about transiting planets.
Scientists have previously analyzed transit light curves from exoplanets and their host stars to look at the smaller dips and peaks. This helps determine the host star’s properties, such as its overall level of spottiness, inclination angle of the planet’s orbit, the tilt of the star’s spin rotation axis compared to our line of sight, and other factors. The new model uses light curves that include not only transit information, but also the rotation of the star itself to provide even more detailed information about these stellar properties.
Galaxy Messier 96 in Leo: A New Look | Hubble Space Telescope
This NASA/European Space Agency Hubble Space Telescope picture features a galaxy whose asymmetric appearance may be the result of a galactic tug of war. Located 35 million light-years away in the constellation Leo, the spiral galaxy Messier 96 is the brightest of the galaxies in its group. The gravitational pull of its galactic neighbors may be responsible for Messier 96’s uneven distribution of gas and dust, asymmetric spiral arms, and off-center galactic core.
This galaxy's asymmetric appearance is on full display. This new Hubble image incorporates observations made in ultraviolet and optical light. Hubble images of Messier 96 have been released previously in 2015 and 2018. Each successive image has added new data, building up a beautiful and scientifically valuable view of the galaxy.
This third version gives an entirely new perspective on Messier 96’s star formation. The bubbles of pink gas in this image surround hot, young, massive stars, illuminating a ring of star formation in the outskirts of the galaxy. These young stars are still embedded within the clouds of gas where they were born. The new data included for the first time in this image will be used to study how stars are born within giant dusty gas clouds, how dust filters starlight, and how stars affect their environments.
Image Description: A spiral galaxy, tilted nearly face-on to us, with a slightly unusual shape. Its spiral arms form an oval-shaped ring around the galaxy’s disc, filled with blue light from stars, as well as pink glowing gas bubbles where new stars are forming. Threads of dark red dust swirl around the brightly glowing core, partly blocking its light. The dust lanes extend into and follow the spiral arms.
#NASA #Astronomy #Hubble #Space #Science #Galaxies #InteractingGalaxies #Galaxy #Messier96 #Asymmetry #Stars #StarFormation #Leo #Constellations #Astrophysics #Cosmos #Universe #HubbleSpaceTelescope #HST #GSFC #STScI #UnitedStates #ESA #Europe #STEM #Education
X-59: NASA’s Quesst for Quiet Supersonic Flight
The X-59 aircraft builds on decades of supersonic flight research and is the centerpiece of NASA’s Quesst mission. The vast amount of data collected over the years has given designers the tools they needed to craft the shape of the X-59. The goal is to enable the aircraft to fly at supersonic speeds and reduce a loud sonic boom to a quieter “sonic thump.” Follow the X-59 team as they take on the exciting journey of building the X-59 and working toward quiet supersonic flight.
The X-59’s engine, a modified F414-GE-100, packs 22,000 pounds of thrust. This will enable the X-59 to achieve the desired cruising speed of Mach 1.4 (925 miles per hour) at an altitude of approximately 55,000 feet. It sits in a nontraditional spot–atop the aircraft—to aid in making the X-59 quieter.
The X-59's goal is to help change existing national and international aviation rules that ban commercial supersonic flight over land.
#NASA #Aerospace #SupersonicFlight #SupersonicAircraft #X59 #Sonicboom #QuietAviation #Aviation #QuesstMission #CommercialAviation #Science #Physics #Engineering #AerospaceResearch #AeronauticalResearch #FlightTests #LockheedMartin #SkunkWorks #NASAArmstrong #AFRC #Palmdale #California #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #HD #Video
Interacting Galaxies NGC 169 & IC 1559 in Andromeda | Hubble
It is now widely accepted amongst astronomers that an important aspect of how galaxies evolve is the way they interact with one another. Galaxies can merge, collide, or brush past one another. Each event can have a significant impact on their shapes and structures. As common as these interactions are thought to be in the Universe, it is rare to capture an image of two galaxies interacting in such a visibly dynamic way. This image, from the NASA/European Space Agency Hubble Space Telescope, feels incredibly three-dimensional for a piece of deep-space imagery.
The subject of this image is named Arp 282, an interacting galaxy pair that is composed of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 169 (bottom) and the galaxy IC 1559 (top). Interestingly, both galaxies making up Arp 282 have monumentally energetic cores, known as active galactic nuclei (AGN), although it is difficult to tell that from this image. This is fortunate, because if the full emission of two AGNs was visible in this image, then it would probably obscure the beautifully detailed tidal interactions occurring between them. Tidal forces occur when an object’s gravity causes another object to distort or stretch. The direction of the tidal forces will be away from the lower-mass object and towards the higher mass object. When two galaxies interact, gas, dust and even entire solar systems will be drawn away from one galaxy towards the other by these tidal forces. This process can actually be seen in action in this image—delicate streams of matter have formed, visibly linking the two galaxies.
Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Dalcanton, Dark Energy Survey, DOE, FNAL/DECam, CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA, SDSS
Acknowledgement: J. Schmidt
Release Date: Feb. 7, 2022
#NASA #Astronomy #Hubble #Space #Science #Galaxies #InteractingGalaxies #Galaxy #NGC169 #IC1559 #AGN #Arp282 #Andromeda #Constellations #Astrophysics #Cosmos #Universe #HubbleSpaceTelescope #HST #GSFC #STScI #UnitedStates #ESA #Europe #STEM #Education
Circles upon Circles above Gemini South Observatory in Chile | NOIRLab
Unlike this image suggests, the sky has not suddenly become bright—it is just a photographic trick. Atop Cerro Pachón in Chile, many exposures of the dark night capture the stars’ journey across the sky, along with the setting Sun (far right), the headlights of a car passing by on the road (left), and the lasers of the adaptive optics on both Gemini South (middle) and Andes Lidar Observatory (left). Gemini South is one half of the International Gemini Observatory, operated by the National Science Foundation (NSF) NOIRLab, while the Andes Lidar Observatory is part of Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), a Program of NSF NOIRLab. To the right, in the distance, sits NSF–Department of Energy (DOE) Vera C. Rubin Observatory, a joint initiative of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. DOE Office of Science (DOE/SC), and operated jointly by NSF NOIRLab and DOE’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
Nights on the mountain top are pristinely dark, so capturing the right amount of light is key for astronomers and photographers alike, and they both use different techniques to do just that. The photographer and NOIRLab Audiovisual Ambassador Petr Horálek captured multiple images over the course of the night and then stacked them on top of each other, finding the perfect balance of dark and light for us to see the thousands of mesmerizing star trails.
Star trails are caused by the Earth’s rotation. It makes stars appear to move in arcs and circles around the Earth’s celestial poles (the celestial south pole is seen to the left in this image). The distance of each star to the pole star helps us define that stars are circumpolar or seasonal. Circumpolar stars do not rise or set like the Sun—they would even be continuously visible during the day at any time of the year if not for the Sun’s light. Meanwhile, seasonal stars rise in the east and set in the west, changing with the seasons due to their proximity to the celestial equator. These pathways are an effect of the geometry of Earth’s orbit, and the latitude you observe the sky from will change what stars appear circumpolar.
The Gemini South Telescope, half of the International Gemini Observatory, shines a low power laser into the sky to create a laser guide star. This laser guide star serves as a reference for the telescope's adaptive optics system so that it can 'cancel out' the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the images of its actual targets. The Gemini South telescope is located on a mountain in the Chilean Andes called Cerro Pachón, where very dry air and negligible cloud cover make this another prime telescope location.
SpaceX Starship Prepared for 10th Test Flight Launch | Starbase Texas
#NASA #SpaceX #Space #Earth #Mars #Moon #MoonToMars #ArtemisProgram #ArtemisIII #Starship #StarshipSpacecraft #Starship10 #StarshipTestFlight10 #SuperHeavyBooster #SuperHeavyRocket #ElonMusk #Engineering #SpaceTechnology #HumanSpaceflight #CommercialSpace #SpaceExploration #StarbaseTexas #Texas #UnitedStates #STEM #Education
Shenzhou-20 Commander Chen Dong Sets Spacewalk Record | China Space Station
Shenzhou-20 Commander Chen Dong (red spacesuit stripes) set a new record for the most spacewalks by a Chinese astronaut during a recent extravehicular activity (EVA). Take a look back at the entire event. Watch as space debris protection devices are installed.
Shenzhou-20 crew commander and astronaut Chen Dong: "Exiting the cabin, embracing the vastness of space! Looking out from the cabin door, the continuous sea of clouds is like a flowing scroll. The robotic arm outside the cabin rotates steadily, capturing the magnificent scene of the intertwining land and ocean, preserving this deep sense of tranquility and gentleness."
During a 6.5-hour spacewalk on Friday, August 15, 2025, Shenzhou-20 astronauts completed vital inspections and installed protective equipment on China's space station, demonstrating improved efficiency in extravehicular operations and collecting crucial thermal data.
This spacewalk represented the Shenzhou-20 crew's third series of extravehicular activities (EVAs) since they boarded the Tiangong Space Station.
According to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), crew members Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie worked for approximately six-and-a-half hours and completed all related tasks at 22:47 Beijing time, assisted by the space station's robotic arm and a ground control team.
At around 16:00 on Friday, astronaut Chen Dong opened the airlock and stepped out of the Wentian lab module, marking his sixth extravehicular mission and making him the Chinese astronaut with the most spacewalks to date.
Chen was positioned at the end of the station's robotic arm using a newly-installed automated foot restraint, while astronaut Wang Jie remained inside and passed equipment to him. According to space engineers, the restraint made a significant impact on the operations.
"Last time we installed the automated foot restraint for the first time, and this spacewalk was the first time we used it to carry out tasks. It has clearly increased our operational efficiency," said Liang Xiaofeng, an engineer with the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.
With the robotic arm in motion, Chen was able to inspect external parts of the station with a camera and thermal imager.
At around 16:50, astronaut Wang Jie joined Chen Dong in space. It was Wang's first spacewalk, making him the second Chinese aerospace flight engineer to perform an extravehicular mission. Inside the Tianhe core module, Chen Zhongrui provided vital support.
On the ground, Liang emphasized that the spacewalk has played a role in advancing China's ambitious plans for future space exploration.
"The main goal of this spacewalk was to identify thermal characteristics of key external equipment and critical components. This allows us to better understand their operational conditions and collect detailed data, which also supports future spacecraft design and advancing our thermal control technologies," the space engineer said.
After completing installations of debris protection measures and auxiliary structural components, as well as inspection of external equipment and systems on the station's exterior, Chen Dong and Wang Jie safely returned to the Tianhe core module by 22:47 Beijing time.
The Shenzhou-20 astronauts entered the Tiangong space station on April 25 this year and have now completed half of their spaceflight journey.
The Serene Beauty of Earth: Shenzhou-20 Spacewalker Views | China Space Station
Shenzhou-20 crew commander and astronaut Chen Dong: "Exiting the cabin, embracing the vastness of space! Looking out from the cabin door, the continuous sea of clouds is like a flowing scroll. The robotic arm outside the cabin rotates steadily, capturing the magnificent scene of the intertwining land and ocean, preserving this deep sense of tranquility and gentleness."
Commander Chen Dong has set a new record for most spacewalks by a Chinese astronaut.
During a 6.5-hour spacewalk on Friday, August 15, 2025, Shenzhou-20 astronauts completed vital inspections and installed protective equipment on China's space station, demonstrating improved efficiency in extravehicular operations and collecting crucial thermal data.
This spacewalk represented the Shenzhou-20 crew's third series of extravehicular activities (EVAs) since they boarded the Tiangong Space Station.
According to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), crew members Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie worked for approximately six-and-a-half hours and completed all related tasks at 22:47 Beijing time, assisted by the space station's robotic arm and a ground control team.
At around 16:00 on Friday, astronaut Chen Dong opened the airlock and stepped out of the Wentian lab module, marking his sixth extravehicular mission and making him the Chinese astronaut with the most spacewalks to date.
Chen was positioned at the end of the station's robotic arm using a newly-installed automated foot restraint, while astronaut Wang Jie remained inside and passed equipment to him. According to space engineers, the restraint made a significant impact on the operations.
"Last time we installed the automated foot restraint for the first time, and this spacewalk was the first time we used it to carry out tasks. It has clearly increased our operational efficiency," said Liang Xiaofeng, an engineer with the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.
With the robotic arm in motion, Chen was able to inspect external parts of the station with a camera and thermal imager.
At around 16:50, astronaut Wang Jie joined Chen Dong in space. It was Wang's first spacewalk, making him the second Chinese aerospace flight engineer to perform an extravehicular mission. Inside the Tianhe core module, Chen Zhongrui provided vital support.
On the ground, Liang emphasized that the spacewalk has played a role in advancing China's ambitious plans for future space exploration.
"The main goal of this spacewalk was to identify thermal characteristics of key external equipment and critical components. This allows us to better understand their operational conditions and collect detailed data, which also supports future spacecraft design and advancing our thermal control technologies," the space engineer said.
After completing installations of debris protection measures and auxiliary structural components, as well as inspection of external equipment and systems on the station's exterior, Chen Dong and Wang Jie safely returned to the Tianhe core module by 22:47 Beijing time.
The Shenzhou-20 astronauts entered the Tiangong space station on April 25 this year and have now completed half of their spaceflight journey.
SpaceX CRS-33 Resupply Mission Launch | International Space Station
On Sunday, August 24, 2025, at 2:45 a.m. EDT, over 5,000 pounds of scientific investigations and cargo launched to the International Space Station aboard the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft for the company’s 33rd commercial resupply services mission for NASA. The spacecraft lifted off on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral in Florida. Dragon will arrive at the orbiting outpost at 7:30 a.m. on Monday, Aug. 25, and dock autonomously to the forward port of the space station’s Harmony module.
#NASA #Space #ISS #Earth #Science #SpaceX #Falcon9Rocket #DragonCargoSpacecraft #CRS33 #CommercialResupplyServices #Astronauts #Cosmonauts #HumanSpaceflight #SpaceTechnology #SpaceResearch #SpaceLaboratory #CapaCanaveral #Florida #UnitedStates #Russia #Россия #Roscosmos #Japan #Expedition73 #STEM #Education
SpaceX CRS-33 Resupply Mission Liftoff | International Space Station
On Sunday, August 24, 2025, at 2:45 a.m. EDT, over 5,000 pounds of scientific investigations and cargo launched to the International Space Station aboard the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft for the company’s 33rd commercial resupply services mission for NASA. The spacecraft lifted off on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral in Florida. Dragon will arrive at the orbiting outpost at 7:30 a.m. on Monday, Aug. 25, and dock autonomously to the forward port of the space station’s Harmony module.
#NASA #Space #ISS #Earth #Science #SpaceX #Falcon9Rocket #DragonCargoSpacecraft #CRS33 #CommercialResupplyServices #Astronauts #Cosmonauts #HumanSpaceflight #SpaceTechnology #SpaceResearch #SpaceLaboratory #CapaCanaveral #Florida #UnitedStates #Russia #Россия #Roscosmos #Japan #Expedition73 #STEM #Education #HD #Video
SpaceX CRS-33 Resupply Mission Pre-Launch | International Space Station
NASA and SpaceX are targeting no earlier than Sunday, August 24, 2025, at 2:45 a.m. ET for the Falcon 9 rocket launch of Dragon’s 33rd Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) mission to the International Space Station.
Learn more: http://spacex.com/launches/crs33
The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with the Dragon cargo spacecraft atop has rolled out to its launch pad at Cape Canaveral in Florida. Dragon is currently scheduled to dock to the International Space Station’s forward port on the Harmony module at 7:30 a.m. on Monday delivering over 5,000 pounds of science, supplies, and hardware to the Expedition 73 crew.
#NASA #Space #ISS #Earth #Science #SpaceX #Falcon9Rocket #DragonCargoSpacecraft #CRS33 #CommercialResupplyServices #Astronauts #Cosmonauts #HumanSpaceflight #SpaceTechnology #SpaceResearch #SpaceLaboratory #Spaceport #MerrittIsland #Florida #UnitedStates #Russia #Россия #Roscosmos #Japan #Expedition73 #STEM #Education
The Wizard Nebula and Star Cluster NGC 7380 in Cepheus
The Wizard Nebula (NGC 7380) lies about 7,200 light-years away in the constellation of Cepheus. It is an active star-forming region, where the young stars of the central cluster sculpt the surrounding gas with stellar winds and ultraviolet radiation, creating spectacular shapes reminiscent of a wizard.
NGC 7380 is a young open cluster of stars in the northern circumpolar constellation of Cepheus, discovered by Caroline Herschel in 1787. The surrounding emission nebulosity is known colloquially as the Wizard Nebula. German-born astronomer William Herschel included his sister's discovery in his catalog, and labelled it H VIII.77.
The cluster spans ~20 light-years (6 parsecs) with an elongated shape and an extended tail. Age estimates range from 4 to 11.9 million years. At the center of the cluster lies DH Cephei, a close, double-lined spectroscopic binary system consisting of two massive O-type stars. This pair are the primary ionizing source for the surrounding H II region, and are driving out the surrounding gas and dust while triggering star formation in the neighboring area. Of the variable stars that have been identified in the cluster, 14 have been identified as pre-main sequence stars, while 17 are main sequence stars that are primarily B-type variables.
China's CAS Space: Kinetica-1 Y10 Commercial Rocket Launch Preparations
🚀A behind the scenes look at this week's launch of a CAS Space Kinetica-1 Y10 carrier rocket that blasted off at 3:33 p.m. Beijing Time on August 19, 2025, successfully sending seven satellites, including two for Mexico, into orbit from the Dongfeng Commercial Aerospace Innovation Pilot Zone at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) in northwest China.
The satellites on this rideshare included Zhongke Satellite-05, Multi-functional Test Satellites No. 2-01, 02, and 03, Tianyan-26, plus ThumbSat-1, and ThumbSat-2 for Mexico.
This marks the eighth successful flight mission of the Kinetica-1 launch vehicle and the forty-eighth launch for China in 2025.
Notably, the Kinetica-1 Y10 rocket was painted with calligraphy representing the “Women of China”. The marking is part of CAS Space's collaboration with the All-China Women’s Federation to celebrate progress in equality as well as the contributions of the country's 689 million women. Through the mission's success, CAS Space wishes to convey this message and to recognize the achievements of all women worldwide.
Mission Y10 has been declared a complete success. A total of 70 satellites, or 7 tons of payload, have now been delivered by Kinetica-1 rockets since its debut with more to come this year.
CAS Space is a Chinese commercial space launch provider based in Guangzhou, the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. CAS Space was founded in 2018 and is majority owned by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) was founded in 1958. It was the first of China's four spaceports. The launch center has been the focus of many of China's historic space ventures, including the country's first satellite Dong Fang Hong I in 1970 and their first crewed space mission, Shenzhou V, on October 15, 2003. JSLC is now a home for many new Chinese commercial space launch firms, like CAS Space.
The Engineering Laboratories of NASA's Kennedy Space Center
The NASA Laboratories, Development and Testing Division provides science and engineering services to NASA programs and projects, contractor partners, and external customers, such as other government agencies, aerospace companies, and academia. This video shows a quick overview of the team that provides unique solutions to unusual and urgent problems associated with aerospace flight hardware, ground support equipment, and related facilities in areas, including materials engineering, non-destructive evaluation, testing, payload processing, avionics, software, and prototype development/fabrication.
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers. Since 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Artemis, Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC.
The Artemis II test flight is the first crewed flight under NASA’s Artemis campaign and is another step toward missions on the lunar surface and helping the agency prepare for future human missions to Mars.
The Artemis II test flight will be sending NASA astronauts Victor Glover, Christina Koch, and Reid Wiseman, as well as Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, on a ten-day journey around the Moon and back no earlier than April 2026.
Planet Mars Images: Aug. 21-22, 2025 | NASA's Curiosity & Perseverance Rovers
Mars 2020 - sol 1601