Friday, November 14, 2025

Shenzhou-20 Crew Parachute Landing in Shenzhou-21 Capsule | China Space Station

Shenzhou-20 Crew Parachute Landing in Shenzhou-21 Capsule | China Space Station


The return capsule of China's Shenzhou-21 spacecraft, carrying the Shenzhou-20 crew, touched down at the Dongfeng landing site in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at 4:40 p.m. (Beijing Time) on Friday, November 14, 2025, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).

At 2:49 p.m., the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center issued the return command via ground tracking stations and the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft undocked from the space station combination.

After the braking engine fired up, the return capsule separated from the propulsion module and touched down successfully. Search-and-rescue teams quickly located the return capsule and reached the landing site. Medical staff confirmed that Shenzhou-20 crew members Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie were in good physical condition.

At 5:21 p.m., all three Chinese astronauts, or taikonauts, exited the capsule safely. 

The crew spent 204 days in orbit, setting a new record for the longest stay by a single Chinese crew. 

During the mission, they completed four spacewalks and multiple cargo transfer operations. Working closely with researchers on the ground, they conducted a wide range of scientific experiments spanning microgravity physics, space materials science, life sciences, aerospace medicine and space technology.

After exiting the capsule, Chen Dong, the commander of the mission, said he felt "very grounded" returning home aboard the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft. He said that the road of human space exploration is not smooth but full of difficulties and challenges.

"And that is exactly why we choose to take it. This mission was both a training opportunity and a test. I'm very proud that we successfully completed it and that China's space program has withstood the test," Chen said.

Chen Zhongrui said, "We departed from here on April 24 and flew into space for a six-month mission. With the unity of our crew and the close coordination between space and ground, we completed all our tasks. I feel especially happy and fortunate."

Wang Jie said, "After half a year, returning safely to Earth and feeling gravity again is truly wonderful. This journey to space was not only a dream come true but also a challenging and arduous process of growth. Our success and honor embody the effort and wisdom of all space personnel and reflect the remarkable progress our country has made in space exploration."

After completing the Shenzhou-20 crewed mission, Chen Dong became the first taikonaut whose cumulative time in orbit had exceeded 400 days, and he is also the Chinese astronaut who has carried out the most spacewalks to date. The maiden flights of Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie were also successfully completed.

The return of the Shenzhou-20 crew, originally scheduled for November 5, was postponed after slight cracks were detected on the window of the Shenzhou-20 spacecraft's return capsule, believed to be caused by a suspected impact from tiny space debris.

"This is the first time we met this uncertainty... but this is also a very good example, showing that we always take the safety of our taikonauts as the top priority," Yang Yuguang, chairman of the Space Transportation Committee of the International Astronautical Federation, told CGTN in a special program ahead of the Shenzhou-20 crew's landing.

The cracks on the window were discovered during a routine inspection of the spacecraft's condition, said Sui Yanan, associate professor at the School of Aerospace Engineering at Tsinghua University.

"A crack on the window is not a very big thing from a mechanical point of view, but still there are unknown safety risks," Sui said, adding that during the journey back to Earth, the cracks could expand due to high temperature and pressure.

"Even [if] the window broke completely, there [are] ways to guarantee the safety of the taikonauts, but we don't want those things to happen," Sui said.

After careful consideration, China decided to use the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft to bring the crew home.

"We always have a backup spaceship standing in the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. That's a system-level backup to ensure the safety of our taikonauts," Yang added.

A batch of space science experiment samples returned safely aboard the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft. They include nine types of life-science samples, such as laboratory mice, zebrafish, macrophages and hepatocytes. Also on board were various material samples, including tungsten-hafnium alloys, soft magnetic materials, new thermal control coatings and protective components for thin-film solar cells used in space. In addition, three types of combustion experiment samples, burners, soot collection plates and collection caps were brought back.

Shenzhou-20 Crew
Chen Dong (陈冬) - Commander - Third spaceflight
Chen Zhong Rui (陈中瑞) - Operator - First spaceflight
Wang Jie (王杰) - Flight Engineer - First spaceflight

Video Credit: CCTV
Duration: 2 minutes
Release Date: Nov. 14, 2025


#NASA #Space #Science #China #中国 #Earth #Shenzhou20Mission #神舟二十号 #Shenzhou20Crew #Taikonauts #ChenDong #ChenZhongrui #WangJie #Astronauts #ChinaSpaceStation #中国空间站 #TiangongSpaceStation #SpaceLaboratory #CMSA #中国载人航天工程办公室 #HumanSpaceflight #DongfengLandingSite #InnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Shenzhou-21 Spacecraft Undocking Before Crew's Earth Return | China Space Station

Shenzhou-21 Spacecraft Undocking Before Crew's Earth Return | China Space Station

China's Shenzhou-21 crewed spacecraft undocked from the space station combination at 11:14 on November 14, 2025, (Beijing Time) to send the Shenzhou-20 astronauts back to Earth, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).

The return capsule of the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft, carrying the Shenzhou-20 astronauts Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie, touched down at the Dongfeng landing site in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Friday, safely taking the three-member crew back home.

During a talk program of the China Media Group (CMG), Zhou Yaqiang, a technology official from the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), explained the reasons for using the Shenzhou-21 instead of launching a new spacecraft to take the astronauts back to Earth.

"There are two main factors. First, the technical specifications of the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft are consistent with those of the Shenzhou-20 spacecraft, and the Shenzhou-20 crew had previously undergone trainings on the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft, making them quite familiar with it. In contrast, the instruments on the Shenzhou-22 spacecraft have been optimized and improved. Second, the Shenzhou-20 crew had completed their scheduled in-orbit missions, and we wanted to bring them back to the Earth as quickly as possible. Ultimately, it was all to ensure the return mission is flawless and that the astronauts are absolutely safe," said Zhou.

Li Guangsu, an astronaut from the Shenzhou-18 crewed mission, provided insight into the preparations Shenzhou-20 crew made for a safe and comfortable return aboard the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft.

"For astronauts, the process of returning aboard a different spacecraft this time involves transferring relevant materials from the Shenzhou-20 spacecraft to the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft. Another crucial task is replacing the seat cushions on the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft, as these cushions are custom-made to fit each astronaut's individual measurements," Li said.

The Shenzhou-20 crew was sent into space from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China on April 24.

Their return, originally scheduled for Nov. 5, was postponed due to a suspected impact to the Shenzhou-20 spacecraft from tiny space debris, according to the CMSA.

In response, emergency protocols were immediately activated, and a comprehensive simulation analysis, testing and safety assessment of the Shenzhou-20 crewed spacecraft were conducted to determine the safest course for the astronauts' return.

Following the review, the CMSA announced that the Shenzhou-20 spacecraft no longer meets the stringent safety standards required for re-entry. As a result, it will remain in orbit to continue the relevant experiments.

Next, the Shenzhou-22 spacecraft will be launched at an appropriate time, said the CMSA.


Shenzhou-20 Crew
Chen Dong (陈冬) - Commander - Third spaceflight
Chen Zhong Rui (陈中瑞) - Operator - First spaceflight
Wang Jie (王杰) - Flight Engineer - First spaceflight

Video Credit: CCTV
Duration: 32 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 14, 2025


#NASA #Space #Science #China #中国 #Earth #Shenzhou20Mission #神舟二十号 #Shenzhou20Crew #Taikonauts #ChenDong #ChenZhongrui #WangJie #Astronauts #ChinaSpaceStation #中国空间站 #TiangongSpaceStation #SpaceLaboratory #CMSA #中国载人航天工程办公室 #HumanSpaceflight #DongfengLandingSite #InnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Liftoff: Atlas V Rocket with ViaSat-3 F2 Communications Satellite | ULA

Liftoff: Atlas V Rocket with ViaSat-3 F2 Communications Satellite  | ULA

Watch the liftoff of the United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket carrying the 13,000-pound (6-metric-ton) ViaSat-3 F2 ultra-high-capacity broadband satellite. ULA launched the Atlas V at 10:04 p.m. EST (0304 UTC) from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The rocket is traveling through space on its 3.5-hour mission to deliver the ViaSat-3 F2 ultra-high-capacity satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit.

Watch the full launch webcast here: http://bit.ly/av_viasat

This new satellite will more than double the bandwidth capacity of ViaSat's existing fleet. ViaSat, Inc. is an American communications company based in Carlsbad, California, with additional operations across the United States and worldwide. ViaSat is a commercial provider of high-capacity broadband satellite services and secure networking systems.

United Launch Alliance, LLC (ULA) is an American launch service provider formed in December 2006 as a joint venture between Lockheed Martin Space and Boeing Defense, Space & Security. The company designs, assembles, sells and launches rockets. The company uses rocket engines, solid rocket boosters, and other components supplied by other companies.


Video Credit: United Launch Alliance (ULA)
Duration: 17 seconds
Date: Nov. 13, 2025

#NASA #Space #Satellites #Earth #CommercialSpace #UnitedLaunchAlliance #AtlasV #ULA #LockheedMartin #Boeing #ViaSat #ViaSat3Flight2 #CommunicationsSatellites #GTO #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Aurora over Minnesota

Aurora over Minnesota

Auroras happen when charged particles from the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field, creating dazzling light shows in the sky. The aurora borealis, also known as the northern lights, occurs in an upper layer of Earth’s atmosphere called the ionosphere.

Learn more & track auroras: 
https://www.aurorasaurus.org


Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the south, and North Dakota and South Dakota to the west.


Image Credit: Grayson
Location: Sergeant, Minnesota
Date: Nov. 12, 2025

#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Sun #SolarSystem #SolarWind #Planet #Earth #Magnetosphere #GeomagneticStorms #Aurora #AuroraBorealis #NorthernLights #Photography #Grayson #Photographers #Sergeant #Minnesota #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

Thursday, November 13, 2025

NASA's Mars ESCAPADE Mission: Blue Origin New Glenn Rocket Launch

NASA's Mars ESCAPADE Mission: Blue Origin New Glenn Rocket Launch








A Blue Origin New Glenn rocket successfully launched NASA's ESCAPADE Mars Mission! Liftoff occurred on November 13, 2025 at 3:45 PM EST/20:45 UTC. This was the second mission to date for the New Glenn rocket series. Blue Origin also landed the fully reusable New Glenn first stage on the drone ship Jacklyn in the Atlantic Ocean. 

The NASA Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) Mars Mission will study the planet's unique hybrid magnetosphere. ESCAPADE will investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. It will take ESCAPADE about 11 months to arrive at Mars after leaving Earth orbit.

ESCAPADE is led by the UC Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory. It is responsible for mission management, systems engineering, science leadership, navigation, operations, the electron and ion electrostatic analyzers, plus science data processing and archiving.

Key partners are Rocket Lab USA (spacecraft), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (magnetometers), Embry Riddle Aeronautical University (Langmuir probes), Advanced Space LLC (mission design), and Blue Origin (launch).

Learn more about the two identical spacecraft designed, built, integrated, and tested by Rocket Lab for the University of California Berkeley’s Space Science Laboratory and NASA's Mars Mission:


🚀Blue Origin's New Glenn Rocket:

The twin spacecraft for NASA's ESCAPADE Mars Mission were manufactured by Rocket Lab:

Image Credits: Blue Origin
Release Date: Nov. 13, 2025


#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Stars #Sun #SpaceWeather #Planets #Mars #Magnetosphere #MartianAtmosphere #ESCAPADEMission #ESCAPADESpacecraft #RocketLab #SolarSystem #SpaceExploration #GSFC #SSL #UCBerkeley #ERAU #AdvancedSpace #BlueOrigin #NewGlenn #CapeCanaveral #Florida #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

Blue Origin New Glenn Rocket Reusable First Stage Landing on Drone Ship

Blue Origin New Glenn Rocket Reusable First Stage Landing on Drone Ship

A Blue Origin New Glenn rocket successfully launched NASA's ESCAPADE Mars Mission! Liftoff occurred on November 13, 2025 at 3:45 PM EST/20:45 UTC. This was the second mission to date for the New Glenn rocket series. Blue Origin also landed the fully reusable New Glenn first stage on the drone ship Jacklyn in the Atlantic Ocean. 

The NASA Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) Mars Mission will study the planet's unique hybrid magnetosphere. ESCAPADE will investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. It will take ESCAPADE about 11 months to arrive at Mars after leaving Earth orbit.

ESCAPADE is led by the UC Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory. It is responsible for mission management, systems engineering, science leadership, navigation, operations, the electron and ion electrostatic analyzers, plus science data processing and archiving.

Key partners are Rocket Lab USA (spacecraft), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (magnetometers), Embry Riddle Aeronautical University (Langmuir probes), Advanced Space LLC (mission design), and Blue Origin (launch).

Learn more about the two identical spacecraft designed, built, integrated, and tested by Rocket Lab for the University of California Berkeley’s Space Science Laboratory and NASA's Mars Mission:


🚀Blue Origin's New Glenn Rocket:

The twin spacecraft for NASA's ESCAPADE Mars Mission were manufactured by Rocket Lab:

Image Credits: Blue Origin
Duration: 37 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 13, 2025


#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Stars #Sun #SpaceWeather #Planets #Mars #Magnetosphere #MartianAtmosphere #ESCAPADEMission #ESCAPADESpacecraft #RocketLab #SolarSystem #SpaceExploration #GSFC #SSL #UCBerkeley #ERAU #AdvancedSpace #BlueOrigin #NewGlenn #CapeCanaveral #Florida #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #HD #Video

NASA's Mars ESCAPADE Mission: Blue Origin New Glenn Rocket Liftoff

NASA's Mars ESCAPADE Mission: Blue Origin New Glenn Rocket Liftoff

A Blue Origin New Glenn rocket has successfully launched NASA's ESCAPADE Mars Mission! Liftoff occurred on November 13, 2025 at 3:45 PM EST/20:45 UTC. This was the second mission to date for the New Glenn rocket series.

The NASA Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) Mars Mission will study the planet's unique hybrid magnetosphere. ESCAPADE will investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. It will take ESCAPADE about 11 months to arrive at Mars after leaving Earth orbit.

ESCAPADE is led by the UC Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory. It is responsible for mission management, systems engineering, science leadership, navigation, operations, the electron and ion electrostatic analyzers, plus science data processing and archiving.

Key partners are Rocket Lab USA (spacecraft), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (magnetometers), Embry Riddle Aeronautical University (Langmuir probes), Advanced Space LLC (mission design), and Blue Origin (launch).

Learn more about the two identical spacecraft designed, built, integrated, and tested by Rocket Lab for the University of California Berkeley’s Space Science Laboratory and NASA's Mars Mission:


🚀Blue Origin's New Glenn Rocket:

The twin spacecraft for NASA's ESCAPADE Mars Mission were manufactured by Rocket Lab:

Image Credits: Blue Origin
Duration: 1 minute
Release Date: Nov. 9, 2025


#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Stars #Sun #SpaceWeather #Planets #Mars #Magnetosphere #MartianAtmosphere #ESCAPADEMission #ESCAPADESpacecraft #RocketLab #SolarSystem #SpaceExploration #GSFC #SSL #UCBerkeley #ERAU #AdvancedSpace #BlueOrigin #NewGlenn #CapeCanaveral #Florida #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #HD #Video

NASA's ESCAPADE Mission Investigates Mars Space Weather for Human Explorers

NASA's ESCAPADE Mission Investigates Mars Space Weather for Human Explorers

NASA’s new ESCAPADE mission is launching to Mars to help us better understand the Sun’s influence on Mars’ past and present. Its work could help protect future human explorers from potentially dangerous space weather when they set foot on the Red Planet.

For the first time, the mission will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. Its observations will reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.

The ESCAPADE orbiters build on earlier Mars missions, such as NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) orbiter. The MAVEN mission has one spacecraft that has been studying Mars’ atmospheric loss since arriving at the Red Planet in 2014.

ESCAPADE is scheduled to launch this month aboard a Blue Origin New Glenn rocket from Cape Canaveral in Florida.


Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Producer/Editor: Lacey Young (eMITS), Beth Anthony (eMITS)
Writer: Vanessa Thomas (eMITS)
Narrator: Scott Wiessinger (eMITS)
Talent: Michele Cash (NASA), Rob Lillis (UC Berkeley), Jeff Parker (Advanced Space), Gwen Hanley (UC Berkeley)
Additional Video and Animations: Advanced Space, Blue Origin, Rocket Lab, UC Berkeley
Duration: 4 minutes, 33 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 13, 2025

#NASA #RocketLab #BlueOrigin #Space #Astronomy #Science #Star #Sun #SpaceWeather #Planet #Mars #Magetosphere #Atmosphere #Radiation #ESCAPADEMission #ESCAPADESpacecraft #SolarSystem #SpaceExploration #GSFC #SSL #UCBerkeley #ERAU #AdvancedSpace #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #Animation #HD #Video

Aurora over Iceland

Aurora over Iceland

Photographer Jónína Óskarsdóttir: "It has been cloud cover in my area but tonight we got clear sky for a while and beautiful northern lights could be seen above Mt. Hoffell in Fáskrúðsfjörður, Iceland."

Auroras happen when charged particles from the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field, creating dazzling light shows in the sky. The aurora borealis, also known as the northern lights, occurs in an upper layer of Earth’s atmosphere called the ionosphere.

Learn more & track auroras: 
https://www.aurorasaurus.org


Iceland is a Nordic island country between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Europe and North America. 

Image Credit: Jónína Óskarsdóttir 
Location: Fáskrúðsfjörður, Iceland
Image Details: Camera: Canon EOS 5D Mark IV. Lens: Canon EF 14mm f/2.8L II USM. ISO 1600 and 5,8s exposure
Jónína's website: 

#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Sun #SolarSystem #SolarWind #Planet #Earth #Magnetosphere #GeomagneticStorms #Aurora #AuroraBorealis #NorthernLights #Astrophotography #JónínaÓskarsdóttir #Astrophotographers #MountHoffell #Fáskrúðsfjörður #Iceland #STEM #Education

Aurora & Meteor over Colorado

Aurora & Meteor over Colorado



Astrophotographer Mike Lewinski: "This and No 2 are the same meteor with different cameras and lenses."

Auroras happen when charged particles from the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field, creating dazzling light shows in the sky. The aurora borealis, also known as the northern lights, occurs in an upper layer of Earth’s atmosphere called the ionosphere.

Learn more & track auroras: 
https://www.aurorasaurus.org


Colorado is a state in the Western United States. It is one of the Mountain states, and Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, and Oklahoma to the Southeast.

Image Credit: Mike Lewinski
Location: near Creston, Colorado, United States
Image Details: Sony ILCE-6300, SAMYANG AF 18mm F2.8/Sony ILCE-7RM3
Image Date: Nov. 12, 2025


#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Sun #SolarSystem #SolarWind #Planet #Earth #Magnetosphere #GeomagneticStorms #Aurora #AuroraBorealis #NorthernLights #Astrophotography #MikeLewinski #Astrophotographers #Colorado #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

Aurora over North Dakota

Aurora over North Dakota


Photographer Lyndon Anderson: "Best viewing in quite some time. The photo that has orange colors, it was taken looking south as the auroral oval had moved south of my location. The colors were different from all my other photos due to possibly green and red blending some in the different levels of the atmosphere."

Auroras happen when charged particles from the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field, creating dazzling light shows in the sky. The aurora borealis, also known as the northern lights, occurs in an upper layer of Earth’s atmosphere called the ionosphere.

Learn more & track auroras: 
https://www.aurorasaurus.org


North Dakota is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota and Sioux peoples. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south, and Montana to the west.

Image Credit: Lyndon Anderson 
Location: Baldwin, North Dakota, USA
Release Date: Nov. 12, 2025 

#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Sun #SolarSystem #SolarWind #Planet #Earth #Magnetosphere #GeomagneticStorms #Aurora #AuroraBorealis #NorthernLights #Photography #LyndonAnderson #Photographers #Baldwin #NorthDakota #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

Wednesday, November 12, 2025

Geomagnetic Storm Aurora over Chicago-area: Airplane View

Geomagnetic Storm Aurora over Chicago-area: Airplane View

Photographer Kasha Patel: "Saw the aurora for the 2nd time . . . but from an airplane! Surprised I saw the red and greens and the oval structure surrounding me.🤩More illuminating (hehe) is how light pollution affects aurora viewing . . ."

Auroras happen when charged particles from the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field, creating dazzling light shows in the sky. The aurora borealis, also known as the northern lights, occurs in an upper layer of Earth’s atmosphere called the ionosphere.

Learn more & track auroras: 
https://www.aurorasaurus.org


Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash and Ohio rivers to its south. Chicago is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan. It is currently the third-most populous city in the United States.

Kasha Patel is a journalist with The Washington Post that "covers science occurring from our Earth to outer space." 

Image Credit: Kasha Patel
Kasha's websites: https://x.com/KashaPatel
https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/kasha-patel/
Release Date: Nov. 12, 2025

#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Sun #SolarSystem #SolarWind #Planet #Earth #Magnetosphere #GeomagneticStorms #Aurora #AuroraBorealis #NorthernLights #Photography #KashaPatel #Photographers #Chicago #Illinois #Midwest #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

Aurora over Ohio

Aurora over Ohio


Photographer Debra Allison: "Amazing! We could see the colors with the naked eye . . . just not as vibrant as with the camera."

Auroras happen when charged particles from the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field, creating dazzling light shows in the sky. The aurora borealis, also known as the northern lights, occurs in an upper layer of Earth’s atmosphere called the ionosphere.

Learn more & track auroras: 
https://www.aurorasaurus.org


Ohio is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the west, and Michigan to the northwest.

Image Credit: Debra Allison 
Location: Oxford, Ohio, USA
Image Date: Nov. 11, 2025

#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Sun #SolarSystem #SolarWind #Planet #Earth #Magnetosphere #GeomagneticStorms #Aurora #AuroraBorealis #NorthernLights #Photography #DebraAllison #Photographers #Oxford #Ohio #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

China's expanding radio telescope network boosts space science & global astronomy

China's expanding radio telescope network boosts space science & global astronomy

China has seen major breakthroughs in deep space exploration thanks to advanced radio telescopes that serve as humanity's "eyes" for observing the universe.

Since its launch in 2016, China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, or FAST, has identified more than 1,000 new pulsars. The telescope was opened to the world in 2021.

Over the years, the Tianma has also attracted science enthusiasts for tourism experiences.

The village that houses the telescope hosts educational camps and has several lodging and dining options for visitors.

Learn more about FAST in China: 
https://fast.bao.ac.cn


Video Credit: Shanghai Media Group
Duration: 2 minutes
Release Date: Nov. 10, 2025

#NASA #Space #Science #Astronomy #RadioAstronomy #RadioTelescopes #RadioTelescope #Pulsars #FRB #FastRadioBursts #RadioTelescope #FAST #五百米口径球面射电望远镜  #Astrophysics #Guizhou #China #中国 #NAOC #中国科学院国家天文台 #CAS #中国科学院 #STEM #Education #HD #Video

What’s the True Shape of a Supernova? | European Southern Observatory

What’s the True Shape of a Supernova? | European Southern Observatory

Astronomers have observed a supernova just a day after it was first detected. In the early stages of the blast, the explosion has not yet interacted with the material around the star, retaining its true shape. This initial shape has now been revealed for the first time. This video summarises the discovery.

Swift observations with the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (ESO’s VLT) have revealed the explosive death of a star just as the blast was breaking through the star’s surface. For the first time, astronomers unveiled the shape of the explosion at its earliest, fleeting stage. This brief initial phase would not have been observable a day later and helps address a whole set of questions about how massive stars go supernova.

When the supernova explosion SN 2024ggi was first detected on the night of April 10, 2024 local time, Yi Yang, an assistant professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China, and the lead author of the new study, had just landed in San Francisco after a long-haul flight. He knew he had to act quickly. Twelve hours later, he sent an observing proposal to the European Southern Observatory (ESO). After a very quick approval process, the VLT telescope in Chile was pointed at the supernova on April 11, 2024, just 26 hours after the initial detection.  

SN 2024ggi is located in the galaxy NGC 3621 in the direction of the constellation Hydra ‘only’ 22 million light-years away, close by in astronomical terms. With a large telescope and the right instrument, the international team knew they had a rare opportunity to unravel the shape of the explosion shortly after it happened. “The first VLT observations captured the phase during which matter accelerated by the explosion near the center of the star shot through the star’s surface. For a few hours, the geometry of the star and its explosion could be, and were, observed together,” says Dietrich Baade, an ESO astronomer in Germany, and co-author of the study published today in Science Advances

“The geometry of a supernova explosion provides fundamental information on stellar evolution and the physical processes leading to these cosmic fireworks,” Yang explains. The exact mechanisms behind supernova explosions of massive stars, those with more than eight times the mass of the Sun, are still debated and are one of the fundamental questions scientists want to address. This supernova’s progenitor was a red supergiant star, with a mass 12 to 15 times that of the Sun and a radius 500 times larger, making SN 2024ggi a classical example of a massive-star explosion. 

We know that during its life a typical star keeps its spherical shape as a result of a very precise equilibrium of the gravitational force that wants to squeeze it and the pressure of its nuclear engine that wants to expand it. When it runs out of its last source of fuel, the nuclear engine starts sputtering. For massive stars this marks the beginning of a supernova: the core of the dying star collapses, the mass shells around fall onto it and bounce off. This rebound shock then propagates outward, disrupting the star. 

Once the shock breaks through the surface, it unleashes immense amounts of energy—the supernova then brightens dramatically and becomes observable. During a short-lived phase, the supernova’s initial ‘breakout’ shape can be studied before the explosion interacts with the material surrounding the dying star.  

This is what astronomers have now achieved for the very first time with ESO's VLT, using a technique called ‘spectropolarimetry’. “Spectropolarimetry delivers information about the geometry of the explosion that other types of observation cannot provide because the angular scales are too tiny,” says Lifan Wang, co-author and professor at the Texas A&M University in the US, who was a student at ESO at the start of his astronomy career. Even though the exploding star appears as a single point, the polarization of its light carries hidden clues about its geometry, which the team were able to unravel. 

The only facility in the southern hemisphere capable of capturing the shape of a supernova through such a measurement is the FORS2 instrument installed on the VLT. With the FORS2 data, the astronomers found that the initial blast of material was shaped like an olive. As the explosion spread outwards and collided with the matter around the star, the shape flattened but the axis of symmetry of the ejecta remained the same. "These findings suggest a common physical mechanism that drives the explosion of many massive stars, which manifests a well-defined axial symmetry and acts on large scales,” according to Yang.  

With this knowledge astronomers can already rule out some of the current supernova models and add new information to improve other ones, providing insights into the powerful deaths of massive stars. "This discovery not only reshapes our understanding of stellar explosions, but also demonstrates what can be achieved when science transcends borders,” says co-author and ESO astronomer Ferdinando Patat. “It’s a powerful reminder that curiosity, collaboration, and swift action can unlock profound insights into the physics shaping our Universe." 


Credit: European Southern Observatory (ESO)
Directed by: Angelos Tsaousis, Martin Wallner
Editing: Angelos Tsaousis
Written by: Malika Nora Duffek, Kira-Marie Mikosch
Footage and photos: ESO, Luis Calçada, Angelos Tsaousis, Martin Kornmesser, Daniele Gasparri, Christoph Malin, Babak Tafreshi
Scientific consultant: Paola Amico, Mariya Lyubenova
Based on research by: Y. Yang et al., Science Advances, 2025
Duration: 1 minute, 24 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 12, 2025


#NASA #ESO #Astronomy #Space #Science #Stars #Supernovae #SN2024ggi #Galaxies #NGC3621 #Hydra #Constellations #Astrophysics #Heliophysics #Universe #VLT #FORS2 #Spectropolarimetry #ParanalObservatory #Chile #Europe #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Crash of the Galactic Titans: Milky Way & Andromeda Collision in ~4 Billion Years

Crash of the Galactic Titans: Milky Way & Andromeda Collision in ~4 Billion Years

In about 4 billion years, the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies will collide.

The three largest galaxies in our Local Group of Galaxies are our Milky Way along with the Andromeda (also known as Messier 31) and Triangulum (also known as Messier 33) galaxies. This scientific visualization of a computer simulation depicts their joint evolution over the next several billion years and features the inevitable massive collision between the Milky Way and Andromeda. Hubble Space Telescope observations indicate that the two galaxies, pulled together by their mutual gravity, will crash together in a head-on collision about 4 billion years from now. The thin disk shapes of these spiral galaxies are strongly distorted and irrevocably transformed by the encounter. Around 6 billion years from now, the two galaxies will merge to form a single elliptical galaxy. The Triangulum galaxy continues to orbit the merged pair through the end of this computer simulation, though other computer models show it becoming part of the collision.

The visualization covers 8.2 billion years into the future at 105 million years per second. Colors are representative: light blue for spiral galaxies (considered "blue" in astronomy parlance because of their active star formation) and orange-yellow for elliptical galaxies (called "red" by astronomers for their old stellar populations). A random background field of galaxies has been added to the simulation in order to indicate the camera motion through the simulation volume.

This visualization depicts the same simulation as the "Future Galaxy Merger" visualization, but includes the Triangulum galaxy and utilizes a more cinematic camera choreography.


Video Credit: Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)
Visualization: Frank Summers (STScI)
Simulation: Gurtina Besla (Columbia University) and Roeland van der Marel (STScI)
Duration: 1 minute, 35 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 11, 2025


#NASA #ESA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Stars #Galaxies #Galaxy #AndromedaGalaxy #Messier31 #M31 #Andromeda #Constellations #MilkyWayGalaxy #TriangulumGalaxy #Messier33 #LocalGroup #Universe #HST #HubbleSpaceTelescope #GSFC #STScI #UnitedStates #Europe #STEM #Education #Visualization #HD #Video