NASA's SpaceX Crew-11 Member Training | International Space Station
Friends of NASA (FoN) is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery, and STEM education.
Tuesday, June 17, 2025
NASA's SpaceX Crew-11 Member Training | International Space Station
China's Crewed Moon Spacecraft Completes Zero-Altitude Escape Flight Test
China's Crewed Moon Spacecraft Completes Zero-Altitude Escape Flight Test
China successfully conducted an escape flight test on its new-generation crewed spacecraft Mengzhou at zero altitude on June 17, 2025, taking an important step forward in its human lunar exploration program.
The test was carried out at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China at 12:30 Beijing time (0430 GMT). The spacecraft's escape engine ignited successfully, propelling the capsule-tower assembly upward. About 20 seconds later, the return capsule separated from the escape tower at the predetermined altitude. Two minutes later, the capsule landed safely in the designated area using an airbag cushioning system.
The flight test marked a major milestone in the development of China's crewed lunar mission. It was the country's first zero-altitude escape test for a manned spacecraft in 27 years, following a similar test for the Shenzhou spacecraft in 1998.
Duration: 46 seconds
Release Date: June 17, 2025
Monday, June 16, 2025
China-Italian Space Agency Satellite Builds on Historical & Cultural Connections
China-Italian Space Agency Satellite Builds on Historical & Cultural Connections
Named after the ancient Chinese inventor Zhang Heng, who created the world's first seismoscope over 1,800 years ago, the satellite was jointly developed by China and Italy. It is the first operational satellite dedicated to exploring the Earth's physical fields under China's medium and long-term civil space infrastructure development plan, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).
Zhangheng 1-02 will carry out quasi-real-time monitoring of global electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic waves, the ionosphere and the neutral atmosphere, detecting electromagnetic anomalies caused by geological and human activities, as well as monitoring thunderstorm and lightening activity.
With a designed lifespan of six years, the satellite is equipped with nine payloads, including an electric field detector co-developed by China and Italy, as well as a high-energy particle detector developed by Italy.
"One of its functions is to monitor the electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic fields of the Earth, as these influence the crustal activities and electromagnetic patterns on Earth. Another function of the satellite is to detect the ionosphere and the neutral atmosphere structure, mainly serving for [monitoring] extreme weather conditions," said Peng Wei, deputy director of the system engineering department of the CNSA.
Peng said that scientists will use these data to study the correlation between changes in the Earth's physical fields and geological activities, and to support research on the prediction of earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, extreme weather, and space weather disasters.
The satellite will significantly enhance China's early perception, risk assessment, and monitoring and early warning capabilities for major natural disasters, Peng added.
It will also provide data support for emergency management, resource mapping, and communications and navigation industries, while fostering scientific and technological cooperation in related fields among countries and regions involved in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
The Zhangheng 1-02 satellite is an updated version developed based on the Zhangheng 1-01 satellite, which is a scientific research satellite with the main task of verifying related technologies. The 02 satellite, an operational one built on the capabilities of the 01 satellite, will be more extensively involved in practical application.
The Zhangheng 1-01 satellite, launched in 2018, remains in normal operation, while the new satellite has richer physical measurements. Working in tandem, the two satellites will conduct collaborative observations, effectively improving the horizontal spatial and temporal resolution of observations, according to Peng.
"The operational satellite largely inherits the state of the scientific research satellite, with most aspects being similar, but it has a different payload—an ionospheric optical instrument. This payload mainly can measure certain parameters of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere structure more accurately, and we expect it will improve the precision of these measurements by an order of magnitude," said Peng.
Saturday's launch marked the 581st mission of China’s Long March rocket series.
Learn more: https://www.iaps.inaf.it/en/progetti-di-ricerca/limadou-2-en
Duration: 1 minute
Release Date: June 16, 2025
China-Italian Space Agency Partnership for Earth Natural Disaster Monitoring
China-Italian Space Agency Partnership for Earth Natural Disaster Monitoring
The Zhangheng 1-02 satellite was launched by a Long March-2D carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on Saturday, June 14, 2025, seven years after the Zhangheng 1-01 satellite was sent into orbit. Now working in tandem, the two satellites carry high expectations—and for good reason. The 01 satellite has already made significant contributions.
Named after the ancient Chinese inventor Zhang Heng, who created the world's first seismoscope over 1,800 years ago, the satellite was jointly developed by China and Italy. It is the first operational satellite dedicated to exploring the Earth's physical fields under China's medium and long-term civil space infrastructure development plan, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).
It will carry out quasi-real-time monitoring of global electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic waves, the ionosphere and the neutral atmosphere, detecting electromagnetic anomalies caused by geological and human activities, as well as monitoring thunderstorm and lightening activity, according to the CNSA.
With a designed lifespan of six years, the satellite is equipped with nine payloads, including an electric field detector co-developed by China and Italy, as well as a high-energy particle detector developed by Italy.
"One of its functions is to monitor the electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic fields of the Earth, as these influence the crustal activities and electromagnetic patterns on Earth. Another function of the satellite is to detect the ionosphere and the neutral atmosphere structure, mainly serving for [monitoring] extreme weather conditions," said Peng Wei, deputy director of the system engineering department of the CNSA.
Peng said that scientists will use these data to study the correlation between changes in the Earth's physical fields and geological activities, and to support research on the prediction of earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, extreme weather, and space weather disasters.
The satellite will significantly enhance China's early perception, risk assessment, and monitoring and early warning capabilities for major natural disasters, Peng added.
It will also provide data support for emergency management, resource mapping, and communications and navigation industries, while fostering scientific and technological cooperation in related fields among countries and regions involved in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
The Zhangheng 1-02 satellite is an updated version developed based on the Zhangheng 1-01 satellite, which is a scientific research satellite with the main task of verifying related technologies. The 02 satellite, an operational one built on the capabilities of the 01 satellite, will be more extensively involved in practical application.
The Zhangheng 1-01 satellite, launched in 2018, remains in normal operation, while the new satellite has richer physical measurements. Working in tandem, the two satellites will conduct collaborative observations, effectively improving the horizontal spatial and temporal resolution of observations, according to Peng.
"The operational satellite largely inherits the state of the scientific research satellite, with most aspects being similar, but it has a different payload—an ionospheric optical instrument. This payload mainly can measure certain parameters of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere structure more accurately, and we expect it will improve the precision of these measurements by an order of magnitude," said Peng.
Saturday's launch marked the 581st mission of China’s Long March rocket series.
Duration: 1 minute
Release Date: June 16, 2025
Proba-3 Mission Achieves Artificial Solar Eclipse | European Space Agency
Proba-3 Mission Achieves Artificial Solar Eclipse | European Space Agency
“I was absolutely thrilled to see the images, especially since we got them on the first try,” comments Andrei Zhukov, Principal Investigator for ASPIICS at the Royal Observatory of Belgium. “Now we are working on extending the observation time to six hours in every orbit.”
These new images of the Sun were processed by the ASPIICS Science Operations Centre (SOC) hosted by the Royal Observatory of Belgium. Here, a dedicated team of scientists and engineers creates operational commands for the coronagraph based on requests from the scientific community and shares the resulting observations.
Andrei explains: “Each full image—covering the area from the occulted Sun all the way to the edge of the field of view—is actually constructed from three images. The difference between those is only the exposure time, which determines how long the coronagraph’s aperture is exposed to light. Combining the three images gives us the full view of the corona.
“Our ‘artificial eclipse’ images are comparable with those taken during a natural eclipse. The difference is that we can create our eclipse once every 19.6-hour orbit, while total solar eclipses only occur naturally around once, very rarely twice a year. On top of that, natural total eclipses only last a few minutes, while Proba-3 can hold its artificial eclipse for up to 6 hours.”
Proba-3 mission manager Damien Galano notes: “Having two spacecraft form one giant coronagraph in space allowed us to capture the inner corona with very low levels of stray light in our observations, exactly as we expected.
“Although we are still in the commissioning phase, we have already achieved precise formation flying with unprecedented accuracy. This is what allowed us to capture the mission’s first images, which will no doubt be of high value to the scientific community.
“The formation flying we have achieved so far was performed autonomously, but under supervision of the ground control team, who were ready to intervene to correct any potential deviations. Our one remaining task is to achieve full autonomy, when our confidence in the system will be such that we will not even routinely monitor from the ground.”
Proba-3’s breathtaking images are also sparking a small revolution in the way computer models simulate the solar corona and create ‘digital eclipses’.
Over the past years, several institutes around Europe have developed models to simulate these observations and give scientists the means to look at the Sun, but the source material needed to create these simulations is lacking.
“Current coronagraphs are no match for Proba-3, which will observe the Sun’s corona down almost to the edge of the solar surface. So far, this was only possible during natural solar eclipses,” says Jorge Amaya, Space Weather Modelling Coordinator at the European Space Agency (ESA).
“This huge flow of observations will help refine computer models further as we compare and adjust variables to match the real images. Together with the team at KU Leuven, which is behind one such model, we have been able to create a simulation of Proba-3’s first observations.”
KU Leuven’s ‘COCONUT’ software is one of multiple solar coronal models integrated within ESA's Virtual Space Weather Modelling Centre (VSWMC). It can be combined with a vast array of computer models describing other physical processes connecting the Sun to Earth. All together, they help to offer a comprehensive image of the solar phenomena impacting our planet and help citizens and industry prepare against them.
The Proba-3 mission is led by ESA and put together by a consortium managed by Spain’s Sener, with participation of more than 29 companies from 14 countries and with key contributions from GMV and Airbus Defence and Space in Spain and Redwire Space and Spacebel in Belgium. The mission was launched on December 5, 2024 on a PSLV-XL launcher from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India.
CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO or ESA Standard Licence
Release Date: June 16, 2025
#NASA #ESA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Star #Sun #SolarEclipse #Atmosphere #Corona #Satellites #Proba #Proba3 #Coronagraph #Occulter #Heliophysics #ISRO #India #Europe #STEM #Education
Life after Spaceflight: Katya Echazarreta | Blue Origin
Life after Spaceflight: Katya Echazarreta | Blue Origin
After becoming the first Mexican-born woman to fly to space in 2022, Katya Echazarreta launched a mission back on Earth by founding a non-profit that creates space education opportunities for students in Mexico.
Learn more about Katya: https://www.katechazarreta.com
Blue Origin: https://www.blueorigin.com
Duration: 1 minute
Release Date: June 16, 2025
Ax-4 Mission: Crew Centrifuge Training | Axiom Space | International Space Station
Ax-4 Mission: Crew Centrifuge Training | Axiom Space | International Space Station
To get ready for the gravitational forces they will experience on their journey to and from space, the Ax-4 crew participated in centrifuge training, helping equip the crew to handle the G-forces during launch and landing.
NASA, Axiom Space, and SpaceX are reviewing launch opportunities no earlier than Thursday, June 19, 2025, for the fourth private astronaut mission to the International Space Station, Axiom Mission 4.
On June 12, NASA and Axiom Space delayed the mission as the agency continued to work with Roscosmos to understand the most recent repair efforts to seal small leaks. The leaks, located in the aft (back) most segment of the International Space Station’s Zvezda service module, have been monitored by flight controllers for the past few years.
Following the most-recent repair, pressure in the transfer tunnel has been stable. Previously, pressure in this area would have dropped. This could indicate the small leaks have been sealed. Teams are also considering the stable pressure could be the result of a small amount of air flowing into the transfer tunnel across the hatch seal from the main part of space station. By changing pressure in the transfer tunnel and monitoring over time, teams are evaluating the condition of the transfer tunnel and the hatch seal between the space station and the back of Zvezda.
Ax-4 will lift off from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Veteran astronaut Peggy Whitson is commanding Ax-4 and will be flying on her fifth mission to the orbiting lab. She is leading first time space flyers Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla from India and Mission Specialists Sławosz Uzanański-Wiśniewksi from Poland and Tibor Kapu from Hungary. The four private astronauts are preparing for a two-week stay on the orbital laboratory to conduct a wide array of space research supporting human health, space commercialization, and more.
The Ax-4 crew includes Commander Peggy Whitson of the United States, Mission Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla of India, Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski of the European Space Agency (ESA)/Poland, and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu of Hungary.
Once docked, the Ax-4 astronauts plan to spend up to 14 days onboard implementing a full mission comprised of microgravity research, technology demonstrations, educational outreach, and media events.
The Ax-4 Mission will “realize the return” to human spaceflight for India, Poland, and Hungary, with each nation’s first government-sponsored flight in more than 40 years. While Ax-4 marks these countries' second human spaceflight mission in history, it will be the first time all three nations will execute a mission on board the International Space Station.
The Ax-4 research complement includes around 60 scientific studies and activities representing 31 countries, including the U.S., India, Poland, Hungary, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Nigeria, UAE, and nations across Europe. This will be the most research and science-related activities conducted on an Axiom Space mission aboard the International Space Station to date.
https://www.axiomspace.com/astronaut/peggy-whitson
https://www.axiomspace.com/astronaut/shubhanshu-shukla
https://www.axiomspace.com/astronaut/slawosz-uznanski
https://www.axiomspace.com/astronaut/tibor-kapu
https://www.axiomspace.com/missions/ax4
Duration: 1 minute, 41 seconds
#NASA #Space #ISS #AxiomSpace #Ax4Mission #Ax4 #SpaceX #CrewDragonSpacecraft #PeggyWhitson #UnitedStates #ShubhanshuShukla #India #BhāratGaṇarājya #SławoszUznańskiWiśniewski #Poland #Polska #TiborKapu #Hungary #Magyarország #CommercialSpace #Astronauts #Europe #NASTAR #Southampton #Pennsylvania #STEM #Education #HD #Video
Proba-3 Mission: "First Artificial Solar Eclipse in Space" | European Space Agency
Proba-3 Mission: "First Artificial Solar Eclipse in Space" | European Space Agency
Proba-3 artificially created what is normally a rare natural phenomenon: a total solar eclipse. In a world first, the European Space Agency’s Proba-3 satellites flew in perfect formation, blocking the Sun’s bright disc to reveal its fiery corona. This enigmatic outer layer burns millions of degrees hotter than the Sun’s surface and drives the solar storms that can disrupt life on Earth.
The Sun’s corona is the outermost part of the Sun’s atmosphere. The corona is usually hidden by the bright light of the Sun's surface. This makes it difficult to see without using special instruments. However, the corona can be viewed during a total solar eclipse.
With its first artificial eclipse, Proba-3 has captured detailed images of this mysterious region, offering scientists new insights into our star’s behavior.
Proba-3 maintains a fixed configuration as a ‘large rigid structure’ in a highly elliptical orbit to form an approximately 150-meter long solar coronagraph to study the Sun’s faint corona closer than ever before. Europe’s Proba-3 (Project for Onboard Anatomy) consists of two satellites—Coronagraph (310kg) and Occulter (240 kg). The pair must maintain a precise formation down to "a single millimeter" to study the corona, the sun’s outer atmosphere.
Proba-3 was launched by ISRO's PSLV-XL rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, India, on December 5, 2024.
Duration: 1 minute, 45 seconds
Release Date: June 16, 2025
Starburst Galaxy NGC 4449 in Canes Venatici: Small but mighty | Hubble
Starburst Galaxy NGC 4449 in Canes Venatici: Small but mighty | Hubble
NGC 4449 is a dwarf galaxy. This means that it is far smaller and contains fewer stars than the Milky Way. However, NGC 4449's strengths come from its ability to produce stars. This galaxy is currently forming new stars at a much faster rate than expected for its size. It makes it known as a starburst galaxy. Most starburst galaxies churn out stars mainly in their centers, but NGC 4449 is alight with brilliant young stars throughout. Researchers believe that this global burst of star formation came about because of NGC 4449’s interactions with its galactic neighbors. Because NGC 4449 is so close, it provides an excellent opportunity for Hubble to study how interactions between galaxies can influence the formation of new stars.
A Hubble image of NGC 4449 was previously released in 2007. This new version incorporates several additional wavelengths of light that Hubble collected for multiple observing programs. These programs encompass an incredible range of science, from a deep dive into NGC 4449’s star-formation history to the mapping of the brightest, hottest, and most massive stars in more than two dozen nearby galaxies.
Image Description: This Hubble image shows the galaxy NGC 4449. The field is dominated by dust that appears in dark red, with scattered brighter regions of star formation as bright pink globules. The background shows countless blue stars peeking around the dusty regions.
Release Date: June 16, 2025
Sunday, June 15, 2025
Global Surface Temperature Anomalies May 2025 versus 1951-1980 | NASA GISS
Global Surface Temperature Anomalies May 2025 versus 1951-1980 | NASA GISS
NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Surface Temperature Analysis report was released on June 10, 2025. Their monthly GISTEMP surface temperature analysis indicates the global mean temperature anomaly for May 2025 was 1.07°C above the 1951-1980 May average.
Learn more here: https://go.nasa.gov/2PakncL
The use of fossil fuels has led to global warming and air pollution. The transition from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources is necessary for humans on Earth to achieve sustainable development. However, serious challenges remain in the transition from fossil fuels to cleaner energy.
United Nations: What is Climate Change?
https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change
Release Date: June 10, 2025
NASA's FY2026 Budget Terminates Public Affairs & Social Media Staff Nationwide
NASA's FY2026 Budget Terminates Public Affairs & Social Media Staff Nationwide
https://www.planetary.org/press-releases/the-planetary-society-reissues-urgent-call-to-reject-disastrous-budget-proposal-for-nasa
Review NASA's Fiscal Year 2026 Budget Request (PDF) Documents:
https://www.nasa.gov/fy-2026-budget-request/
Document List (6 total) as of May 30, 2025:
Fiscal Year 2026 Discretionary Budget Request
Fiscal Year 2026 Budget Request Summary (28 pages) [Recommended reading: Source of most images provided here]
Fiscal Year 2026 Budget Technical Supplement
Fiscal Year 2026 Agency Fact Sheet
Fiscal Year 2026 Mission Fact Sheets
#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #NASAHQ #NASACenters #NASABudgetFY2026 #NASABudget #NASACommunications #NASAScienceMissions #SMD #Sun #Heliophysics #SolarSystem #Planets #Earth #EarthScience #Moon #ArtemisProgram #Mars #Jupiter #SpaceExploration #STScI #Universe #UnitedStates #Infographics #STEM #Education
Liftoff: China Satellite for Natural Disaster Monitoring in Partnership with Italy
Liftoff: China Satellite for Natural Disaster Monitoring in Partnership with Italy
Named after the ancient Chinese inventor Zhang Heng, who created the world's first seismoscope over 1,800 years ago, the satellite was jointly developed by China and Italy. It is the first operational satellite dedicated to exploring the Earth's physical fields under China's medium and long-term civil space infrastructure development plan, according to the CNSA.
With a designed lifespan of six years, the satellite is equipped with nine payloads, including an electric field detector co-developed by China and Italy, as well as a high-energy particle detector developed by Italy.
It will carry out quasi-real-time monitoring of global electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic waves, the ionosphere and the neutral atmosphere, detecting electromagnetic anomalies caused by geological and human activities, as well as monitoring thunderstorm and lightening activity, according to the CNSA.
"One of its functions is to monitor the electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic fields of the Earth, as these influence the crustal activities and electromagnetic patterns on Earth. Another function of the satellite is to detect the ionosphere and the neutral atmosphere structure, mainly serving for [monitoring] extreme weather conditions," said Peng Wei, deputy director of the system engineering department of the CNSA.
Peng said that scientists will use these data to study the correlation between changes in the Earth's physical fields and geological activities, and to support research on the prediction of earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, extreme weather, and space weather disasters.
The satellite will significantly enhance China's early perception, risk assessment, and monitoring and early warning capabilities for major natural disasters, Peng added.
It will also provide data support for emergency management, resource mapping, and communications and navigation industries, while fostering scientific and technological cooperation in related fields among countries and regions involved in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
The Zhangheng 1-02 satellite is an updated version developed based on the Zhangheng 1-01 satellite, which is a scientific research satellite with the main task of verifying related technologies. The 02 satellite, an operational one built on the capabilities of the 01 satellite, will be more extensively involved in practical application.
The Zhangheng 1-01 satellite, launched in 2018, remains in normal operation, while the new satellite has richer physical measurements. Working in tandem, the two satellites will conduct collaborative observations, effectively improving the horizontal spatial and temporal resolution of observations, according to Peng.
"The operational satellite largely inherits the state of the scientific research satellite, with most aspects being similar, but it has a different payload - an ionospheric optical instrument. This payload mainly can measure certain parameters of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere structure more accurately, and we expect it will improve the precision of these measurements by an order of magnitude," said Peng.
Saturday's launch marked the 581st mission of China’s Long March rocket series.
South Florida, The Bahamas, and Cuba | International Space Station
South Florida, The Bahamas, and Cuba | International Space Station
South Florida, the Bahamas, and Cuba are prominently featured in this photograph from the International Space Station as it orbited 261 miles above the Sunshine State.
The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, is an island country of the Lucayan Archipelago consisting of more than 700 islands, cays, and islets in the Atlantic Ocean; north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic); northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands; southeast of the U.S. state of Florida and east of the Florida Keys. Its capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence.
Population: 11 million
Roscosmos (Russia) Flight Engineers: Kirill Peskov, Sergey Ryzhikov, Alexey Zubritskiy
https://www.nasa.gov/iss-science
Science, Technology, Engineering, Math (STEM)
Image Date: May 20, 2025
#NASA #Space #ISS #Science #Earth #Cuba #Bahamas #CaribbeanSea #AtlanticOcean #Florida #UnitedStates #Japan #日本 #JAXA #Cosmonauts #Russia #Россия #Roscosmos #Роскосмос #HumanSpaceflight #SpaceLaboratory #InternationalCooperation #JSC #Expedition73 #STEM #Education
Planet Mars: 'Foggy' Valles Marineris & Noctis Labyrinthus | Europe's Mars Express
Planet Mars: 'Foggy' Valles Marineris & Noctis Labyrinthus | Europe's Mars Express
The largest canyon in the Solar System cuts a wide swath across the face of Mars. Named Valles Marineris, the grand valley extends over 3,000 kilometers long, spans as much as 600 kilometers across, and delves as much as 8 kilometers deep. By comparison, the Earth’s Grand Canyon in Arizona, USA is 800 kilometers long, 30 kilometers across, and 1.8 kilometers deep. The origin of the Valles Marineris remains unknown, although a leading hypothesis holds that it started as a crack billions of years ago as the planet cooled. Recently, several geologic processes have been identified in the canyon.
Nestled between the colossal martian ‘Grand Canyon’ (Valles Marineris) and the tallest volcanoes in the Solar System (the Tharsis region) lies Noctis Labyrinthus—a vast system of deep and steep valleys that stretches out for around 1,190 km (roughly the length of Italy here on Earth).
Mars Express has now been in space for two decades, despite a planned initial lifetime of just 687 Earth days. It has achieved its aforementioned aims and revealed a wealth of knowledge about Mars in that time, making it undeniably one of the most successful missions ever sent to the Red Planet.
The orbiter will continue its study of Mars until at least the end of 2026, with an indicative extension from January 1, 2027 to December 31, 2028 to support the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)-led Mars Moons eXploration (MMX) mission (Japan), followed by two years of post-operations.
Mars Express has conducted data relay for seven rovers and landing platforms (more information), and enabled scientific collaboration with a further five orbiters.
The past 20 years of observations from Mars Express have solidified our picture of Mars as a once-habitable planet, with warmer and wetter epochs that may have been oases for ancient life. This is a monumental shift from our previous view of the planet, which characterized it as an eternally cold and arid world.
Mars Express has identified and mapped signs of past water across Mars—from minerals that only form in the presence of water to water-carved valleys, groundwater systems, and ponds lurking below ground—and traced its influence and prevalence through martian history. It has peered deep into the martian atmosphere, mapping how gases (water, ozone, methane) are distributed and escape to space, and watching as dust is whipped up from the surface into the air. The mission has seen giant dust storms engulf the planet, creating familiar clouds like those we see on Earth, and tracked rare ultraviolet auroras.
The orbiter has seen signs of recent and episodic volcanism and tectonics, and explored the planet’s unique surface features, mapping 98.8% of Mars and creating thousands of 3D images of impact craters, canyons (including the Valles Marineris system), the planet’s icy poles, immense volcanoes and more.
North is approx down
Instrument: ESA Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC)
Orbit: 17508
Date: 2017-10-30 T18:09:05.764Z
Raw Data:
HH508_0000_RE3.IMG
HH508_0000_BL3.IMG
Notes: Green filter has been created mixing Red and Blue channels
Image Processsing: Andrea Luck
Release Date: June 15, 2025
Shenzhou-20 Crew Advances Mission in Productive Week | China Space Station
Shenzhou-20 Crew Advances Mission in Productive Week | China Space Station
The ongoing Shenzhou-20 mission at China's Tiangong Space Station continued to make steady progress over the past week with the three-membered crew in excellent health and a range of scientific experiments proceeding as planned, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).
Astronauts Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie, sent into space on April 25, 2025, carried out a variety of medical tests and scientific experiments during the productive week, the agency said.
Using devices, such as vision measuring machines and eye trackers, and related software, they conducted tests for several projects, including trust and coordination mechanisms, the representation of visual and gravitational motion, metacognitive monitoring research, and relationship cognition in microgravity, providing data for further studies on the ground.
Additionally, the crew conducted vascular ultrasound examinations to obtain hemodynamic data for related studies of their impact at specific on-orbit times during their stay in space.
They also carried out memory, strength, and heavy object tests for studies on the changing patterns and cognitive mechanisms of fine motor control in microgravity environment.
The astronauts also advanced the research exploring the effect mechanisms of space microgravity on microorganisms through studies on streptomyces in the biotechnology experiment cabinet.
They collected liquid culture samples and froze them for storage and further investigation on the ground.
For physics experiments, the crew replaced the sample cover for experimental insertions into the combustion cabinet and cleaned the containerless material experiment rack.
Meanwhile, the crew underwent Chinese medical examinations, including 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) examinations, and dynamic ECG and blood pressure monitoring sessions over the past week.
They have conducted physical exercise and properly used instruments to counteract the physiological effects of weightlessness, according to the agency.
Shenzhou-20 Crew
Chen Dong (陈冬) - Commander - Third spaceflight
Chen Zhong Rui (陈中瑞) - Operator - First spaceflight
Wang Jie (王杰) - Flight Engineer - First spaceflight
Duration: 1 minute, 37 seconds
Release Date: June 15, 2025
Saturday, June 14, 2025
"Caution: Planets under construction": Planetary Disc of Star RIK 113 | ESO
"Caution: Planets under construction": Planetary Disc of Star RIK 113 | ESO
This picture is a close-up of the star RIK 113 in the constellation Scorpius around 431 light-years away. It is surrounded by a cloud of gas and dust called a protoplanetary disc. These discs are a common feature around young stars, containing all the building blocks needed to make a new planet. Over time, these dusty discs will fragment and condense under the influence of gravity, forming larger objects like protoplanets. These planetary embryos carve out gaps in the dust around them, forming the intricate, ring-like structures that we can see in this disc.
This telescopic image showing two concentric orange rings. The inner ring is brighter and has swirling features around it. The outer ring is fainter and fuzzier.
The true complexity of this protoplanetary disc was first uncovered by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in a study published last year. These results showed the presence of a gap. This hinted at a planet-like object embedded within it.
This prompted another team of astronomers, led by Christian Ginski at the University of Galway, Ireland, to follow up with observations from the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT). Using the SPHERE instrument they found that the inner ring has intriguing spiral features. A detailed analysis of the data uncovered not just one, but two potential signals from planets around RIK 113, not far from the original detection with ALMA.
For now, these signals are still more of a suggestion than a direct confirmation. However, with two separate studies from both ALMA and the VLT indicating the presence of at least one planet, these results are extremely promising for a future discovery.
Release Date: June 9, 2025
















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